Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

Part I. Conceptualization of Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Chapter 1. Definitions and Measurement Simon J. Marshall and Gregory J. Welk Understanding Physical Activity and Inactivity Understanding Active and Sedentary Behavior in Youth Recommended Levels of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Measuring Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior References Chapter 2. Youth Health Outcomes David J. Stensel, Trish Gorely, and Stuart J.H. Biddle Overweight and Obesity Type 2 Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease Risk Skeletal Health Mental Health Conclusion References Chapter 3. A Sociohistorical Analysis of U.S. Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Mary McElroy Early 20th Century Views of Children's Health The First Weight Crisis and American Youth The Intractability of Youth Obesity The Growth of the Media Generation Challenges Facing Contemporary Families Lessons Learned From the Past for the Future References Chapter 4. Conceptual Perspectives Claudio R. Nigg and Raheem J. Paxton Necessity and Status of Theory A Review of Theory-Based Interventions Critical Evaluation of Applied Theory Improving Our Theoretical Understanding References Chapter 5. "Couch Potatoes" and "Wind-Up Dolls"? A Critical Assessment of the Ethics of Youth Physical Activity Research Michael Gard Couch Potatoes? Wind-Up Dolls? Some Alternatives Ethics References Part II. Developmental and Psychological Factors in Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Chapter 6. Biocultural Factors in Developing Physical Activity Levels Robert M. Malina A Biocultural Perspective Factors Related to Physical Activity Levels Activity Levels, Fitness, and Sport Implications References Chapter 7. Youth Attitudes Martin S. Hagger and Nikos L.D. Chatzisarantis Attitudes in Social Science Research Modifications of the Theory of Planned Behavior Individual Differences in the Theory of Planned Behavior Recommended Interventions Derived From the TPB Conclusion References Chapter 8. Motivational Characteristics Stuart J.H. Biddle, Darren C. Treasure, and C.K. John Wang Descriptive Approaches Framework for Theoretical Perspectives Suggestions for Action Conclusion References Chapter 9. The Role of the Self Peter R.E. Crocker, Kent C. Kowalski, and Valerie Hadd General Conceptions of the Self The Physical Self The Self and Physical Activity Conclusion References Chapter 10. Youth With Movement Difficulties Janice Causgrove Dunn and Donna L. Goodwin Importance of Physical Activity for This Population Theoretically Based Predictions and Research Findings Environmental Issues Intervention Research Recommendations for Future Research References Part III. Social and Contextual Factors in Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Chapter 11. The Family Brian E. Saelens and Jacqueline Kerr Types of Familial Influence Correlational Studies of Familial Influences Studies of Other Family Factors Intervention Studies Conclusions and Recommendations for Research References Chapter 12. Peers Alan L. Smith and Meghan H. McDonough Basic Concepts in Peer-Related Research Peer Research Promising Future Research Directions Conclusion References Chapter 13. Physical Activity Levels During the School Day Gareth Stratton, Stuart J. Fairclough, and Nicola D. Ridgers Active Transportation Recess Physical Education Summary References Chapter 14. Organized Sport and Physical Activity Promotion Robert J. Brustad, Runar Vilhjalmsson, and Antonio Manuel Fonseca Organized Sport Participation and Children's Well-Being Youth Sport Value Structures Theoretical Perspectives Developmental and Motivational Considerations Gender and Socioeconomic Influences Programming to Facilitate Lifelong Physical Activity References Chapter 15. Community Out-of-School Physical Activity Promotion David A. Dzewaltowski After-School Programs in the United States The Organized Community Opportunities Model Research Based on the Organized Community Model Conclusions and Future Directions References Chapter 16. Living Environments Jo Salmon, John C. Spence, Anna Timperio, and Nicoleta Cutumisu Conceptual and Theoretical Perspectives The Home Environment The Neighborhood Environment Implications for Research and Practice References Chapter 17. Economic Principles Chad D. Meyerhoefer Individual Choices and the Market Economy Market Failures Policy Solutions The Field in Perspective References Chapter 18. Culturally Appropriate Research and Interventions Suzanna M. Martinez, Elva M. Arredondo, Guadalupe X. Ayala, and John P. Elder Physical Inactivity in Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Populations Adapting Models and Theories Unique Contextual Factors Culturally Appropriate Interventions Conclusion References