Foundations for Inquiry

Choices and Trade-Offs in the Organizational Sciences

By: Craig Lundberg, Cheri A. Young

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Hardcover | 26 July 2005

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552 Pages

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22.86 x 15.24 x 3.51

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Foundations for Inquiry, a philosophy of social science book, is both a primer and a resource for anyone interested in social and behavioral research. As a "reader" with excerpts from classicand soon-to-be classic writings on research in the organizational sciences, the book shows the myraid choices facing researchers - including assumptions they make about ways of creating knowledge, beliefs and values they hold regarding reality, and philosophical and managerial allegiances they form. This book will give readers the information they need to select among these choices, appreciate the tradeoffs involved, and understand how they affect the ways in which data is collected, analyzed, and interpreted, and in which "truth" is ultimately created. Most books about research address the "how to" of inquiry rather than the "why." Foundations for Inquiry enlightens readers about the variety of philosophical assumptions regarding inquiry and organizational phenomena, demonstrates how these assumptions shape subsequent choices about theories, and shows how theoretical and philosophical choices consequently shape and guide the research process. Awareness of these choices and tradeoffs enables readers to be more discriminating consumers of, and adept contributors to, research-based knowledge.

Industry Reviews

"This is an important book that, I believe, should be read and discussed by all students of contemporary organization studies." - ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW

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Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Introduction: Themes and Exemplars	p. 1
The Orthodox Ideal of Inquiry	p. 2
Reactions: Critical, Defensive, and Constructive	p. 3
Toward Undermining Debate	p. 5
Equivoque, Alternatives, and Trade-offs	p. 6
Toward Making Sense of Choices	p. 8
Getting Acquainted with Inquiry	p. 9
Embracing Inquiry as Learning	p. 11
The Guest Lecturer	p. 12
The Making of a Scientist	p. 18
What Is Science?	p. 24
Kim Encounters Atlas	p. 27
Summary	p. 33
Mapping the Domain of Inquiry	p. 34
Inquiry as Making Meanings	p. 35
The Research Process	p. 36
Framing Research: Models and Theories	p. 38
Framing Knowledge: Philosophic Context	p. 39
Summary	p. 40
The Philosophical Context of Inquiry	p. 43
The Frame of Paradigm	p. 45
Origins, Definition, and Function	p. 45
Two Dimensions, Four Paradigms	p. 49
Paradigmatic Communities	p. 54
Applications to Organization Theory	p. 57
Paradigm Shifts	p. 60
Summary	p. 62
Images of Human Nature	p. 64
About Images	p. 64
Images Throughout History	p. 65
Social Science Images	p. 72
Human Nature and Organization Theory	p. 78
Summary	p. 81
Choices about Reality and Knowing	p. 83
The True and the Known	p. 87
Two Contrasting Modes of Inquiry	p. 91
The Range of Core Assumptions	p. 99
Traditional Positivism	p. 104
Socially Constructed, Administrative Science Is	p. 110
Summary	p. 115
The Impact of Ideology and Values	p. 116
Ideology Critique	p. 118
Explanations of Ideologies	p. 123
Ideologies in Organisation Studies	p. 126
Scientific Ethos	p. 129
The Value-Oriented Bias of Social Inquiry	p. 131
Whose Side Are We On?	p. 138
Values in Inquiry	p. 144
Summary	p. 151
Allegiances to Schools of Thought	p. 152
Theoretical-Methodological Subcultures	p. 152
An Expanding Variety: Management Schools of Thought	p. 155
Summary	p. 158
Centering Inquiry: Models and Theories	p. 161
Models and Theories: Purposes and Reach	p. 163
What a Theory Is and Is Not	p. 165
What Theory Is Not	p. 171
What Theory Is Not, Theorizing Is	p. 174
Comments on "What Theory Is Not"	p. 176
Functions of Theories	p. 181
Summary	p. 184
Patterns and Criteria of Theories	p. 185
Types of Theories	p. 186
Three Conceptions of Theory	p. 189
A Typology of Explicative Models	p. 198
Variance and Process Theories	p. 202
Thorngate's Criteria and Their Tradeoffs	p. 211
Theory Evaluation Criteria	p. 217
Summary	p. 220
Theorizing	p. 221
Two Contrasting Strategies	p. 224
Theory Construction	p. 231
Toward a Method of Theorizing	p. 234
Strong Inference	p. 239
Summary	p. 243
The Research Process	p. 245
Inventing and Framing Research Questions	p. 247
The Importance of Questions	p. 248
Question Creation in Organizational Research	p. 253
Problem-Oriented Research	p. 259
A Theory-Focused Approach	p. 263
Ploys for Question Generation	p. 271
That's Interesting!	p. 276
Summary	p. 285
Planning for Answers: Strategies and Designs	p. 286
Research Strategies and the Three-Horned Dilemma	p. 288
Basic Designs: Features and Assessment	p. 294
Taking Extreme Cases Seriously	p. 308
N = 1	p. 315
Mixing Levels of Analysis	p. 317
Summary	p. 324
Acquiring and Handling Data	p. 326
Concept Formulation Before Methods	p. 330
Characteristics and Difficulties of Settings	p. 338
The Representativeness of Phenomena	p. 344
Breaking Up the Mono-Method Monopolies	p. 351
Issues with Self-Reports	p. 359
Observer Effects	p. 366
On Removing Measurement Bipolarity	p. 372
Summary	p. 376
Data Sensemaking	p. 378
Toward Understanding Scientific Understanding	p. 381
The Initial Examination of Data	p. 386
Validity and Correlational Research	p. 393
Concerns About Statistical Data Analysis	p. 399
Guidelines for Selecting a Level of Significance	p. 408
A Few Precepts for Interpretation	p. 412
Summary	p. 415
Sharing Research Contributions	p. 416
Living Inquiry	p. 421
Considerations for Inquiry's Journeys	p. 423
Learning and Knowing	p. 426
Socialization and Identity Creation	p. 428
Scholarly Activities: Career Archetypes and Consequences	p. 434
Relationships Among Scholars	p. 444
Mintzberg on Passion in Science	p. 454
A Scholar's Quest	p. 458
Summary	p. 461
Reprise	p. 463
References	p. 467
Credits	p. 511
Index	p. 517
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Foundations for Inquiry

Choices and Trade-Offs in the Organizational Sciences

At a Glance

Hardcover

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