Laser - Surface Interactions

1 Principles of Lasers and Laser-Surface Interactions. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Basics of Lasers. 1.3 Continuous and Pulsed Modes of Operation of Lasers. 1.4 Coherence of Light. 1.5 Modification of Surface Properties. References. 2 Interaction of Low-Power Laser Radiation with Surfaces. 2.1 Laser Rangefinders. 2.2 LIDAR. 2.3 Holography. 2.4 Low-Level Laser Therapy. 2.5 Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatories. 2.6 Other Applications of Low-Power Laser-Surface Interactions. References. 3 Analysis of Surface Optical Nonlinearities. 3.1 Application of rz-Scan Technique for Investigation of Nonlinear Refraction of Thin Surface Layers of Sapphire Doped with Ag, Cu, and Au Nanoparticles. 3.2 Reflection z-Scan Measurements of Opaque Semiconductor Thin Films. 3.3 Measurements of Surface Nonlinear Optical Parameters of Nontransparent Materials Using Single-Shot Technique. 3.4 Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. 3.5 Surface Nanostructuring- and Plasmon-Induced Nonlinearities. References. 4 Laser Cleaning of Art. 4.1 Brief History of the First Steps in Art Conservation Using Lasers. 4.2 Cleaning of Stones. 4.3 Cleaning of Wall Paintings and Woods. 4.4 Cleaning of Metals. 4.5 Cleaning of Paintings. 4.6 Cleaning of Papers and Parchments. References. 5 Nanoripples Formation on the Surfaces. 5.1 Peculiarities of Nanoripples Formation. 5.2 Fabrication of Two-Dimensional Periodic Nanostructures by Two-Beam Interference of Femtosecond Pulses. 5.3 Short Period Nanostructuring of Semiconductor Surfaces Under the Action of Femtosecond Pulses. 5.4 Formation of Different Periodic Nanostructures on Semiconductors. 5.5 Nanoripple Formation from Ultrashort Laser Pulse Irradiation of Semiconductors of Different Bandgaps. 5.6 Extended Homogeneous Nanoripple Formation During Interaction of High-Intensity Few-Cycle Pulses with a Moving Silicon Wafer. 5.7 Concluding Remarks. References. 6 Surface Engineering and Ablation. 6.1 Surface Engineering. 6.2 Laser Engraving and Marking. 6.3 Applications of Intense Laser-Surface Interaction in Defense. 6.4 Analysis of laser-induced ablation of the surfaces. 6.5 Laser Cutting. 6.6 Tattoo Removal by Laser Pulses. References. 7 Ablation of Clusters from Surfaces for Harmonic Generation of Laser Radiation. 7.1 Ablation of Fullerene-Containing Surfaces: the Attractive Method for Harmonic Generation of Laser Radiation. 7.2 Ablation of Metal Nanoparticles from the Surfaces and Efficient Harmonic Generation using 1 kHz Laser. References. 8 X-ray Lasers, Plasma Properties, and Harmonic Generation From Surfaces. 8.1 X-ray Lasers. 8.2 Characterization of Surface Plasmas at High Excitation. 8.3 High-Order Harmonic Generation During Super-Intense Laser-Surface Interaction. References.