| Preface | p. iii |
| Contributors | p. v |
| Energy-Nutrient Interactions | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Energy and Protein | p. 2 |
| Energy and Vitamins | p. 12 |
| Dietary Energy Density | p. 14 |
| Summary | p. 19 |
| References | p. 19 |
| Amino Acid Interactions: A Selective Review | p. 27 |
| Introduction | p. 27 |
| Features of Amino Acid Metabolism and Approaches for Study of Amino Acid Interactions | p. 28 |
| Amino Acid Flux and Protein Turnover in Healthy Individuals | p. 32 |
| Branched-Chain Amino Acid Interactions | p. 36 |
| Sulfur Amino Acids | p. 47 |
| Dispensible Amino Acids | p. 53 |
| Summary and Conclusions | p. 58 |
| References | p. 61 |
| Mineral Interactions in Foods | p. 73 |
| Chemical Reactivity of Minerals | p. 74 |
| Physicochemical Reactions as Determinants of Bioavailability in Food | p. 76 |
| Potential for Reactions in Food | p. 78 |
| Complex Formation and Chelation | p. 78 |
| Hydrolysis | p. 81 |
| Aging | p. 82 |
| pH and Reduction Potential | p. 83 |
| Enhancers and Inhibitors | p. 86 |
| Thermodynamic Considerations | p. 86 |
| Examples of Enhancers and Inhibitors in Food | p. 91 |
| Conclusions | p. 107 |
| References | p. 107 |
| Physiological Interactions of Minerals | p. 115 |
| Introduction | p. 115 |
| Levels of Mineral-Mineral Interactions | p. 118 |
| Methods for Assessing Mineral-Mineral Interactions | p. 121 |
| Caveats and Limitations in Assessing Mineral-Mineral Interactions | p. 123 |
| Physiologically Important Mineral-Mineral Interactions in Humans | p. 125 |
| Dietary Modulation of Mineral-Mineral Interaction | p. 138 |
| Conclusions | p. 140 |
| References | p. 141 |
| Protein-Iron Interactions: Influences on Absorption, Metabolism, and Status | p. 149 |
| Noncellular Protein Inhibition of Nonheme Iron Absorption | p. 150 |
| Enhancement of Nonheme Iron Absorption by Cellular Protein | p. 152 |
| Heme Iron Absorption | p. 154 |
| Specialized Proteins Influencing Iron Absorption | p. 155 |
| Dietary Patterns: Metabolic Effects of the Quantity and Source of Dietary Protein | p. 156 |
| Iron Stores: A Regulatory of Iron Absorption | p. 157 |
| Conclusion | p. 159 |
| References | p. 160 |
| Vitamin-Mineral Interactions | p. 163 |
| Ascorbic Acid-Iron Interactions | p. 164 |
| Ascorbic Acid-Copper Interactions | p. 165 |
| Zinc-Vitamin E Interactions | p. 168 |
| Zinc-Vitamin A Interactions | p. 171 |
| Vitamin A-Iron Interactions | p. 175 |
| Riboflavin-Iron Interactions | p. 176 |
| Folate-Zinc Interactions | p. 178 |
| Conclusion | p. 181 |
| References | p. 182 |
| Lipid-Vitamin-Mineral Interactions in the Diet and in the Tissues | p. 187 |
| Introduction | p. 187 |
| Lipid-Vitamin-Mineral Interactions in Foods | p. 188 |
| Lipid-Vitamin-Mineral Interactions in Vivo | p. 195 |
| References | p. 202 |
| Effect of Variations in Dietary Protein, Phosphorus, Electrolytes, and Vitamin D on Calcium and Zinc Metabolism | p. 205 |
| Effect of Isolated Protein on Calcium Metabolism | p. 206 |
| Effect of Isolated Protein on Zinc Metabolism | p. 208 |
| Effect of Phosphorus on Calcium Metabolism | p. 211 |
| Effect of Phosphorus on Zinc Metabolism | p. 213 |
| Diet Milieu | p. 215 |
| Effect of Electrolytes | p. 216 |
| Effect of Vitamin D | p. 218 |
| Other Effects of Calcium | p. 219 |
| Summary | p. 220 |
| References | p. 220 |
| Interactions Between Utilizable Dietary Carbohydrates and Minerals | p. 229 |
| Introduction | p. 229 |
| Iron | p. 230 |
| Copper | p. 233 |
| Selenium | p. 240 |
| Chromium | p. 242 |
| Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc | p. 244 |
| Conclusions | p. 245 |
| References | p. 246 |
| Fiber-Mineral and Fiber-Vitamin Interactions | p. 253 |
| Introduction | p. 253 |
| Bioavailability of Minerals | p. 255 |
| Bioavailability of Vitamins | p. 260 |
| Summary | p. 261 |
| References | p. 261 |
| Interacting Effects of Carbohydrate and Lipid on Metabolism | p. 265 |
| Introduction | p. 265 |
| Studies in Animals | p. 268 |
| Appropriate Animal Models for the Human | p. 269 |
| Carbohydrate-Fat Interaction Effects in Humans | p. 270 |
| Carbohydrate Effects on Lipogenesis in Rats | p. 272 |
| Carbohydrate-Lipid Interactions | p. 275 |
| Summary | p. 281 |
| References | p. 281 |
| Vitamin-Vitamin Interactions | p. 287 |
| Introduction | p. 287 |
| Types of Interactions | p. 288 |
| Vitamin A | p. 290 |
| Vitamin E | p. 292 |
| Vitamin C | p. 297 |
| B Vitamins | p. 300 |
| Summary | p. 306 |
| References | p. 306 |
| Nutrient Interactions and the Toxic Elements Aluminum, Cadmium, and Lead | p. 313 |
| Introduction | p. 313 |
| Aluminum | p. 316 |
| Cadmium | p. 321 |
| Lead | p. 335 |
| General Conclusions | p. 341 |
| References | p. 341 |
| Interactions of Food Additives and Nutrients | p. 351 |
| Introduction | p. 351 |
| Types of Food Additive-Nutrient Interactions | p. 352 |
| Regulatory Concerns | p. 359 |
| References | p. 359 |
| A Comparison of Drug-Nutrient and Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions | p. 365 |
| Introduction | p. 365 |
| Drug versus Nutrient Disposition | p. 367 |
| Outcomes of Drug and Nutrient Interactions | p. 370 |
| Critique of Methods of Investigating Drug and Nutrient Interactions | p. 374 |
| Summary | p. 375 |
| References | p. 376 |
| Index | p. 379 |
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