Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology

Part I: Molecular Exercise Physiology Chapter 1. The Cell -Cellular Architecture -Exercise and the Cell -Conclusion Chapter 2. Cellular Life Span -Cell Cycle and Tissue Turnover -Cell Death -Effect of Exercise on Cell Proliferation and Cell Death -Conclusion Chapter 3. Genes, Genetic Heterogeneity, and Exercise Phenotypes -Genes and Genome -Gene Expression -Regulation of Gene Expression -Exercise and Gene Expression -DNA Sequence Variation -Genetics and Responsiveness to Exercise Training -Conclusion Chapter 4. Proteins and Exercise -Protein Synthesis -Protein Degradation -Exercise and Protein Metabolism -Conclusion Chapter 5. Extracellular Matrix and Exercise -Extracellular Matrices -Composition of the Interstitial Extracellular Matrix -Composition of Basement Membranes -Synthesis of Collagens -Degradation of Collagens -ECM of Skeletal Muscle -Muscle ECM and Physical Activity Chapter 6. Regulation of Intracellular Ion Composition and pH -Potassium -Intracellular pH Regulation -Magnesium Chapter 7. Inter- and Intracellular Signaling -Hormones and Receptors -Intracellular Signal Transduction Chapter 8. Energy Turnover and Substrate Utilization -Skeletal Muscle Carbohydrate Metabolism During Exercise -Recent Advances in the Regulation of Long Chain Fatty Acid Transport and Metabolism -Molecular Basis of Lactate Transport in Skeletal Muscle Chapter 9. Generation and Disposal of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species -Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Living Organisms -Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Exercise -Conclusion Chapter 10. Cellular Responses to Environmental Stress -Hyperthermia -Hypoxia Part II: Exercise and the Cell Chapter 11. Exercise and the Cardiac Myocyte -Structure of the Cardiac Myocyte -Contractile Cycle and Excitation-Contraction Coupling -Adaptive Hypertrophy and Growth Signaling -Contractile Function and Calcium Handling Chapter 12. Exercise and Endothelium -Endothelium Cell Function -Effects of Physical Training on Vascular Reactivity -Conclusion Chapter 13. Activity-Dependent Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle Fibers -The Multiplicity of Sarcomeric Protein Isoforms -Myofibrillar Protein Isoforms and Fiber Diversity -Metabolic Adaptations of Muscle Fibers to Altered Functional Demands -Fiber Type Transitions -Signaling Pathways Related to Fiber Type Transitions -Conclusion Chapter 14. Exercise and the Alveolar and Bronchial Epithelial Cell -Airways -The Alveolar Epithelium Chapter 15. Exercise and the Liver Cell -Hepatic Carbohydrate Metabolism -Hepatic Lipid Metabolism -Conclusion Chapter 16. Exercise and the Adipocyte -The Adipocyte: Characteristics and Functions -Adipocyte Receptors and Exercise -Conclusion Chapter 17. Erythrocytes -Red Cell Production -Principles of O2 Transport by the Hemoglobin Molecule -Principles of CO2 Transport in the Blood -Regulation of Red Cell Volume -Red Cell Influence on Circulation and Respiration -Erythrocyte and Radicals -Conclusion Chapter 18. Leukocytes -Acute Exercise and Leukocytes -Mechanisms of Action -Chronic Exercise and Leukocyte Subpopulations -Exercise and Infections -Conclusion Chapter 19. Exercise and the Brain -Exercise Improves Cognitive Function in Humans and Prevents Age-Related Brain Atrophy -Animal Models to Study the Effects of Exercise on Brain Function -Exercise Up-Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor -Gene Microarray Analysis Reveals Other Genes That Are Regulated by Exercise -Exercise Enhancement of Learning and BDNF -Exercise and Depression -Definitive Role for BDNF in Human Cognition -CNS and Peripheral Regulatory Mechanisms of Exercise Effect on BDNF -Conclusion