Preface xiii
About the Author xviii
Chapter 1 The Nature of Information Technology Projects 1
Introduction 1
What Is a Project? 2
Project Attributes 2
What Is Project Management? 4
Projects, Programs, and Portfolios 4
Project Management and Information Technology 5
The State of IT Project Management 7
Why Many Projects Fail 8
Improving the Likelihood of Success 10
The Purpose of this Book 12
Chapter Summary 12
Review Questions 13
Husky Air—Pilot Angels 14
Husky Air Assignment 15
The Martial Arts Academy—School Management System 16
Quick Thinking—Involving the User 19
Quick Thinking—FAA Nextgen Air-Traffic Control Project 20
Case Studies 20
Bibliography 23
Chapter 2 Project Methodologies and Processes 24
Introduction 24
The Project Life Cycle 25
The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®) 27
Project Management Knowledge Areas 27
Project Processes 28
Project Management Process Groups 29
PRINCE2® 31
PRINCE2® Processes 31
PRINCE2® Themes 32
PRINCE2® Principles 33
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 34
The PLC and the SDLC 35
Implementing the SDLC 35
Waterfall 36
Agile Systems Development 38
What Is Agile? 38
Some Commonly Used Agile Methods 40
Waterfall versus Agile? 41
Learning Cycles and Lessons Learned 42
Chapter Summary 46
Review Questions 48
Husky Air—Pilot Angels Assignment 50
Martial Arts Academy (MAA) Assignment 51
Quick Thinking—Learning from Failure 53
Quick Thinking—Doing Agile or Being Agile? 54
Case Studies 55
Bibliography 58
Chapter 3 Measurable Organizational Value and the Business Case 59
Introduction 59
Measurable Organizational Value (MOV) 60
The MOV and Project Objectives 61
Developing the MOV 62
The Business Case 67
What Is a Business Case? 67
Developing the Business Case 68
Project Selection and Approval 76
The IT Project Selection Process 76
The Project Selection Decision 76
Chapter Summary 77
Review Questions 77
Husky Air Assignment—Pilot Angels 78
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management System 80
Quick Thinking—Measuring the Immeasurable 83
Quick Thinking—The Elevator Pitch 83
Case Studies 84
Bibliography 89
Chapter 4 Project Planning: The Project Infrastructure 91
Introduction 91
Project Governance 92
The Project Team 94
The Project Manager 94
The Project Team 95
The Organization and Project Planning 96
The Functional Organization 96
The Project Organization 99
The Matrix Organization 100
Procuring External Project Resources 101
Procurement Planning 102
Contracts Between Sellers and Buyers 103
The Project Environment 105
The Project Charter 105
What Should Be in a Project Charter? 106
Project Identification 106
Project Stakeholders 107
Project Description 107
Measurable Organizational Value (MOV) 107
Project Scope 107
Project Schedule 107
Project Budget 108
Quality Standards 108
Resources 108
Assumptions and Risks 108
Project Administration 108
Acceptance and Approval 109
References 109
Terminology 109
Chapter Summary 110
Review Questions 111
Husky Air Assignment—Pilot Angels 112
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management System 113
Quick Thinking—The Project Sponsor 114
Quick Thinking—Projects as Social Networks 114
Case Studies 115
Bibliography 119
Chapter 5 Project Planning: Scope and the Work Breakdown Structure 120
Introduction 120
The Triple Constraint 121
Defining and Managing Project Scope 122
Plan Scope Management 123
Collect Requirements 123
Define Scope 123
The Scope Boundary 123
The Statement of Work (SOW) 124
The Scope Statement 124
Project-Oriented Scope 125
Product-Oriented Scope 125
Validate Scope 128
Control Scope 128
Scope Change Control Procedures 129
The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) 130
Work Packages 131
Deliverables and Milestones 131
Developing the WBS 132
Project Estimation 134
Guesstimating 134
Delphi Technique 134
Time Boxing 135
Top-Down Estimating 135
Bottom-Up Estimating 136
Poker Planning 136
Chapter Summary 138
Review Questions 139
Husky Air Assignment—Pilot Angels 140
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management System 141
Quick Thinking—Sinking a Project 142
Quick Thinking—More People = More Problems 143
Quick Thinking—Politics and Estimates 143
Case Studies 144
Bibliography 147
Chapter 6 Project Planning: The Schedule and Budget 149
Introduction 149
Developing the Project Schedule 151
Gantt Charts 151
Project Network Diagrams 153
Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) 157
Project Management Software Tools 159
Developing the Project Budget 161
The Baseline Plan 163
The Kick-Off Meeting 164
Chapter Summary 164
Review Questions 166
Husky Air Assignment—Pilot Angels 166
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management System 167
Quick Thinking—Planning versus the Plan 168
Quick Thinking—The Map is Not the Territory 168
Case Studies 169
Bibliography 172
Chapter 7 Managing Project Risk 173
Introduction 173
Create a Risk Plan 176
Identify Risks 176
A Project Risk Identification Framework 176
Applying the Project Risk Identification Framework 178
Other Tools and Techniques 179
Analyze Risk 182
Qualitative Approaches 183
Quantitative Approaches 186
Discrete Probability Distributions 186
Continuous Probability Distributions 186
Develop Risk Strategies 191
Monitor and Control Risk 193
Respond and Evaluate Response to Risk 193
Chapter Summary 194
Review Questions 196
Husky Air Assignment—Pilot Angels 197
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management System 197
Quick Thinking—Send in the Reserves 198
Quick Thinking—Risky Management 199
Case Studies 200
Bibliography 204
Chapter 8 Managing Project Stakeholders and Communication 205
Introduction 205
Stakeholder Analysis 206
The Informal Organization 206
Stakeholders 206
Stakeholder Analysis 206
Monitoring and Controlling the Project 207
The Project Communications Plan 209
Project Metrics 211
Burn-Down Chart 213
Earned Value 213
Analyzing Current Performance 216
Forecasting Project Performance 218
Reporting Performance and Progress 222
Information Distribution 222
Chapter Summary 223
Review Questions 224
Husky Air Assignment—Pilot Angels 225
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management System 227
Quick Thinking—Projects as Social Networks 228
Quick Thinking—Communication and Mentoring 229
Case Studies 230
Bibliography 233
Chapter 9 Managing Project Quality 234
Introduction 234
Quality Philosophies 237
Craftsmanship 237
Scientific Management 238
The Total Quality Management (TQM) Gurus 238
Process Capability and Maturity 240
The Project Quality Management Plan 242
Quality Philosophies and Principles 242
Quality Standards, Processes, and Metrics 244
Quality Assurance 245
Quality Control 247
Continuous Improvement: Learn, Mature, and Improve 251
Chapter Summary 251
Review Questions 252
Husky Air Assignment—Pilot Angels 253
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management
System 253
Quick Thinking—Why Do We Accept Low-Quality Software? 254
Quick Thinking—OPM3® 254
Case Studies 255
Bibliography 259
Chapter 10 Leading the Project Team 260
Introduction 260
Project Leadership 261
Some Modern Approaches to Leadership 261
Leadership Styles 263
Emotional Intelligence 264
Ethics and Leadership 265
Ethical Leadership 266
Some Common Ethical Dilemmas in Projects 268
Making Sound Ethical Decisions 269
Teams and Leadership 270
Multicultural Projects 272
The Challenges of International Projects 272
Understanding Diversity 273
Chapter Summary 274
Review Questions 275
Husky Air—Pilot Angels 275
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management System 276
Quick Thinking—Leadership and Listening 277
Quick Thinking—Sitting Ducks 277
Case Studies 278
Bibliography 281
Chapter 11 Managing Organizational Change, Resistance, and Conflict 282
Introduction 282
The Nature of Change 284
Change Has an Impact 284
Change Is a Process 285
Change Can Be Emotional 286
The Change Management Plan 287
Assess Willingness, Readiness, and Ability to Change 287
Develop or Adopt a Strategy for Change 289
Rational-Empirical Approach 289
Normative-Reeducation Approach 290
Power-Coercive Approach 290
Environmental-Adaptive Approach 291
Implement the Change Management Plan and Track Progress 291
Evaluate Experience and Develop Lessons Learned 292
Dealing with Resistance and Conflict 292
Resistance 292
Conflict 293
Chapter Summary 295
Review Questions 295
Husky Air Assignment—Pilot Angels 297
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management System 298
Quick Thinking—It's Not Easy Going Green 299
Quick Thinking—Cross-Functional and Multicultural Teams 299
Case Studies 300
Bibliography 305
Chapter 12 Project Completion 306
Introduction 306
Product Release or System Implementation 307
Direct Cutover 307
Parallel 308
Phased 308
Project Closure 310
Project Sponsor Acceptance 312
The Final Project Report 312
The Final Meeting and Presentation 313
Administrative Closure 313
Project Evaluation 314
Individual Performance Review 314
Project Close-Out (Postmortem) Review 315
Project Audit 316
Evaluating Project Success—The MOV 316
Chapter Summary 317
Review Questions 318
Husky Air Assignment—Pilot Angels 319
The Martial Arts Academy (MAA)—School Management System 319
Quick Thinking—Killing a Project 320
Quick Thinking—The Post-Implementation Audit 320
Case Studies 321
Bibliography 324
Appendix: An Introduction to Function Point Analysis (Available online at www.wiley.com/college/marchewka)
Index 325
