Environmental Diplomacy

1. What Is This Book About? -- 2. The Weaknesses of the Existing Environmental Treaty-making System. Knowing How to Measure Success. Three Serious Obstacles to Global Cooperation. An Inadequate Legal Structure. Fundamental Flaws in the Convention-Protocol Approach. The Earth Summit as an Illustration -- 3. Representation and Voting. Why Countries Participate. Only Countries Vote. The Majority Does Not Rule. "Unofficials" Have Key Roles to Play. Who Represents Future Generations? The Power of the Secretariat. There Is No Consensus-Building Process -- 4. The Need for a Better Balance Between Science and Politics. There Will Always Be Uncertainty. Giving Science Its Due. Adversary Science Undermines Trust. Are There Really "Epistemic Communities" of Scientists? Ongoing Roles For Scientific Advisers. No Regrets and the Precautionary Principle. Contingent Agreements Are the Answer -- 5. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Issue Linkage. A Lesson in Negotiation Arithmetic. The Theory of Linkage. Dealing with the Threat of Blackmail. Managing the Complexity. Linkage Guidelines -- 6. Monitoring and Enforcement in the Face of Sovereignty. Technical and Legal Difficulties. A Theory of Compliance. Getting Around the Sovereignty Problem. Nearly Self-Enforcing Agreements. Do We Need the Green Police? -- 7. Reforming the System: The Salzburg Initiative and Other Proposals for Change. The Salzburg Initiative. Synchronizing Worldwide Expectations. A New Three-Stage Process. What We Need from the United Nations -- Appendix A: Selected Global Environmental Treaties -- Appendix B: Declaration of the Right to Nature Conservation, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development