| Introduction | p. 1 |
| At the Outset | p. 1 |
| Motivation and Context: Engineering Systems and Stakeholder Involvement | p. 4 |
| Significance of the Book Topic | p. 8 |
| Towards a Better Energy Systems Decision-making Process | p. 12 |
| Approach | p. 12 |
| The Importance of Systems Representation | p. 16 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 20 |
| Systems Analysis | p. 23 |
| What are Engineering Systems | p. 23] |
| Engineering Systems Analysis Methodologies | p. 31 |
| Critique of Engineering Systems Methodologies | p. 45 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 48 |
| The Role of Export Analysis in Complex Systems Decisions | p. 51 |
| The Role of Technical Expertise in Engineering Systems Policy-Making | p. 52 |
| Challenges for Effective Use of Science in Engineering Systems Policy | p. 54 |
| Perceived Technical Expert Bias and Scientific Advocacy | p. 56 |
| Communicating Science and Scientific Uncertainty | p. 62 |
| Interactions Among Stakeholders Decision makers and Technical Experts/Experts | p. 66 |
| System Representations and System Models as Boundary Objects in Science-Intensive Disputes | p. 69 |
| Obstacles to Increasing the Role of Expertise in Decision-making | p. 72 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 74 |
| Systems Representation and Decision-making | p. 77 |
| Representations and the Abstraction of Reality | p. 78 |
| Internal Representation: Mental Maps | p. 79 |
| External Representation Words and Imagery | p. 80 |
| Representations, Beliefs and Value Systems | p. 82 |
| Representation and Bias | p. 83 |
| Engineering Systems Representation | p. 85 |
| Experiments in Engineering Systems Representation | p. 89 |
| Stakeholders, Conflict and Systems Representation | p. 95 |
| Challenges of Involfing Stakeholders in Engineering Systems Representation | p. 96 |
| Designing an Effective Stakeholder Assisted-Representation Process | p. 99 |
| Limitations of System Representations as a Basis for Collaborative Processes | p. 101 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 102 |
| Stakeholder-Assisted Modeling and Policy Design | p. 105 |
| The Stakeholder-Assisted Modeling and Policy Design Process | p. 105 |
| Outline of the SAM-PD Process | p. 108 |
| Problem Identification and Process Preparation Stage | p. 109 |
| Stakeholder Assessment Stage | p. 114 |
| Extracting Contextual Knowledge from Stakeholder Statements | p. 122 |
| System Representation, Evaluation and Policy Design Stage | p. 127 |
| Consensus-seeking Negotiation | p. 142 |
| Process Effectiveness and Validity Assessment Through Peer Review | p. 147 |
| Implementation and Post-implementation Stage CLIOS Steps 10-12 | p. 151 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 154 |
| The Cape Wind Offshore Wind Energy Project | p. 157 |
| Project Timeline | p. 158 |
| Legal Context for Offshore Wind Energy Development in Massachusetts | p. 159 |
| Project Overview | p. 160 |
| The Environmental Impact Assessment Process | p. 162 |
| Public Reaction to Cape Wind | p. 170 |
| Stakeholder Involvement in the Cape Wind Project | p. 173 |
| Major Sources of Dispute in the DEIS | p. 178 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 180 |
| Stakeholder-Assisted Modeling of Cape Wind | p. 183 |
| Applying the SAM-PD Process to the Cape Wind Project | p. 183 |
| p. roblem Ident |
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| Problem Refinement and System Definition | p. 213 |
| Initial Stakeholder-Assisted Representation | p. 214 |
| |
| Workshop Dynamics and Results | p. 250 |
| Stakeholder Feedback Survey | p. 259 |
| Additional Feedback from the Stakeholder Survey | p. 263 |
| Comparing the Refined Stakeholder-Assisted Representation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Scoping Document | p. 265 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 1278 |
| Learning from Cape Wind | p. 279 |
| SAM-PD Process Preparation | p. 279 |
| Collaborative Process Dynamcis | p. 284 |
| System Representation as a Basis for Collaborative Process | p. 285 |
| Compatibility of SAM-PD with Current Permitting Process | p. 289 |
| Conclusion | p. 291 |
| Index | p. 301 |
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