Part I: IntroductionChapter 1: Introduction: Race as an Uneven Road Does Race Still Matter? Defining Race, Ethnicity, and Racism Racial Classification, Citizenship, and Group Status The Uneven Road of Race: Our Framework Conclusion: The Journey AheadPart II: Historical FoundationsChapter 2: Native Americans: The Road from Majority to Minority, 1500s-1970s Native Communities in North America Rising Tensions: Native Americans and the New United States, 1776-1830s U.S. Federal Policy Erodes Indian Rights, 1830s The Civil War and Its Aftermath: Slaveholding and the Fourteenth U.S. Federal Policy: Assimilation versus Culture and Sovereignty, 1870s-1950s Termination of Federal Support of Tribes, 1945-1950s Civil Rights and Self-Determination, 1960s-1970s Conclusion: A Continuing Struggle for Equal RightsChapter 3: The African American Political Journey, 1500s-1965 Race, Slavery, and the Origins of African Americans, 1500s-1790s The Early American Republic and Black Political Resistance, 1770s-1865 The Antebellum Black Community and Political Resistance The Civil War and Its Aftermath, 1860-1877 Black Politics in the Jim Crow Era, 1880-1940 The Second Reconstruction: Postwar and Civil Rights Movement Era, 1950s-1960s Civil Rights Demonstrations and Mass Protest in the South: The Second Major Protest Cycle, 1960-1964 Conclusion: The Road to Black Politics Up to 1965Chapter 4: The Road toward Contemporary Latino Politics, 1500s-1970s The Road's Colonial Beginnings, 1493-1850 Destruction of Mexican American Politics, Late 1800s The Rebirth of Mexican American Politics, 1900-1960 From Civic Activism to Political Engagement Differing Paths: Puerto Ricans and Cubans, 1890s-1950s Civil Rights and Ethnic Nationalism in Latino Communities, 1960s-1970s Conclusion: Latinos as a Pan-Ethnic GroupChapter 5: Different and Common Asian American Roads, 1800s-1960s The Racialization of Asian Americans European Imperialism and Asian Emigration Immigration and Economics before the Anti-Asian Zenith, Up to the 1870s Early Community Formation among Asian Americans Race, Region, and the Anti-Asian Era, 1870s-1940s Shifts and Declines in the Anti-Asian Era, 1940s-1960s Asian American Political Empowerment in the Civil Rights Era Conclusion: The Uneven Roads of Asian American OpportunityChapter 6: Whiteness and the Shifting Roads of Immigrant America, 1780s-1960s Who Is White? Racial Considerations at the Time of the Founding Large-Scale Immigration and Overcoming Ethnic Exclusion White Identity at the Dawn of the Civil Rights Era The State and White Advantage Conclusion: Legacies of Racial Hierarchy and the Roots of Contemporary PoliticsPart III: Policy and Social IssuesChapter 7: Voting Rights in American Life Minority Groups and Voting Rights The Civil Rights Movement as a Foundation for Voting Expansion Civil Rights and Voting Rights Legislation after 1965 Redistricting and Minority Representation The Politics behind the 2006 Early Renewal of the Voting Rights Act The Long-Term Stability of the Voting Rights Act Conclusion: The Role of Race in Contemporary Voting RightsChapter 8: Group Identity, Ideology, and Activism Why Group Identity, Ideology, and Activism Matter Race, Ethnicity, and Public Opinion Race, Ethnicity, and Political Ideology: The Political Impact of Racialization Activist Pathways to Empowerment The Legacy of Grassroots and Civil Rights Activism Conclusion: Mobilizing for a Changed FutureChapter 9: Political Behavior and Representation: Minorities' Growing Voice Why Is the Minority Vote Important? Minority Civic Engagement: Patterns in Participation Minority Ideology and Partisanship: Finding a Place in the U.S. Political System Minority Electoral Participation: Unrealized Potential to Influence Politics Representation: Electing a Voice for Minority Interests Conclusion: Have Minorities Overcome Political Exclusion?Chapter 10: Education and Criminal Justice Policies: Opportunity and Alienation Race, Ethnicity, and Public Policy Public Education: Opportunities and Detours Race, Ethnicity, and Education Policy Outcomes The Criminal Justice System: Barriers and Roadblocks Race, Ethnicity, and Criminal Justice Policy Outcomes Conclusion: Public Policy DestinationsChapter 11: Immigration Policy: The Road to Settlement and Citizenship Immigrant Status and Numbers Immigration Policies before 1965 The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Amendments U.S. Immigrant Incorporation Policies Immigration Policy in the 21st Century: Alternative Roads Minority Communities and Minority Coalitions in the Immigration Reform Debate Conclusion: A Turning Point for U.S. Immigration PolicyChapter 12: Diasporic Politics and Foreign Affairs The Growing Ease of Transnational Activity The Roots of Contemporary Transnational Engagement: Family and Community Ties Transnational Activity: Beyond the Immigrant Generation U.S. Foreign Policy and Minority Communities Conclusion: The Political Value of Transnational PoliticsChapter 13: Beyond Race: Intersections of Race, Gender, Class, and Sexual Orientation The Still Uneven Roads of Race, Racism, and Ethnicity The Uneven Roads of Identity Politics Intersecting Roads: Race, Gender, Class, and Sexual Orientation Possible Responses to Uneven Roads Conclusion: Prospects for the Future
