| Foreword | p. xi |
| Preface | p. xiii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xv |
| Introduction | p. xvi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Industry's Own Drive to Standards | p. 5 |
| Standards in the Information Society | p. 5 |
| Need for Network Standards | p. 6 |
| Laying the Foundations | p. 7 |
| The Multifaceted Evolution of Standards | p. 15 |
| Assuring Transmission Performance | p. 16 |
| Specifications for Mandatory End-to-End Compatibility | p. 18 |
| The Wave of A Priori Standards | p. 19 |
| Digital Transmission Systems | p. 20 |
| Signalling Systems | p. 21 |
| ISDN | p. 33 |
| Public Data Networks | p. 43 |
| Standardization is Innovation's Key to the Market | p. 53 |
| Stratification and Arbitration of Standards | p. 61 |
| Definitions | p. 61 |
| Origin and Economic Significance of CCITT and CCIR Recommendations | p. 63 |
| The CCITT Background | p. 63 |
| Radio Communication | p. 67 |
| Levels of Standardization | p. 69 |
| The Intergovernmental Treaty Level | p. 69 |
| Study Group Level | p. 70 |
| The Self-Regulating Groups | p. 74 |
| Standards in National Telecommunication | p. 78 |
| Fields of Application | p. 78 |
| Interaction of Service Providers and Materials Suppliers | p. 78 |
| Logic of a National Standards Hierarchy | p. 79 |
| Provider-Supplier Relationships | p. 80 |
| Two International Bodies with Cognizance and Clout | p. 83 |
| Introductory Remarks | p. 83 |
| International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) | p. 84 |
| International Organization for Standardization (ISO) | p. 85 |
| Joint Coordination Becomes Effective | p. 89 |
| Perestroika West: an Era of Telecommunication Reform | p. 97 |
| Preview of this Chapter's Content | p. 97 |
| The Green Paper's Unified Europe | p. 98 |
| Implementing the Green Paper (February 1988) | p. 99 |
| Summary Report of the Green Paper (June 1987) | p. 118 |
| The Greene Court's Fragmented United States | p. 131 |
| The Modification of Final Judgment (MFJ) | p. 132 |
| Judge Greene's Opinion, Preparatory to MFJ | p. 141 |
| The EC's View of the Regulatory Situation in the United States | p. 144 |
| Twenty-five Years of FCC Rule-Making: A Summary | p. 154 |
| User Group Organizations | p. 154 |
| Introduction | p. 154 |
| Intug | p. 157 |
| ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) | p. 159 |
| Eusidic | p. 162 |
| National ISDN Users' Forum (NIU) | p. 164 |
| Telecommunication Restructuring in the Federal Republic of Germany | p. 167 |
| Background | p. 167 |
| The Commission's Recommendations | p. 168 |
| Implementation of German Restructuring | p. 171 |
| Regulatory Developments in the United Kingdom | p. 172 |
| Regulatory Body | p. 172 |
| Telecommunications Operators | p. 173 |
| The Current Situation with Regard to Equipment and Services | p. 173 |
| Current National Trends and Discussion on Regulatory Issues | p. 174 |
| Regulatory Developments in Japan | p. 177 |
| History | p. 177 |
| The New Telecommunications Laws | p. 178 |
| Role of the MPT (Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications) | p. 180 |
| Results of the New Laws | p. 180 |
| Effect of the New Laws on NTT | p. 181 |
| Consequences of Reform and Market Pressures | p. 183 |
| Introduction | p. 183 |
| Standards-Making in Post-Divestiture United States | p. 183 |
| A Positive-Sum Game among Adversaries? | p. 183 |
| Standards Committee T1 | p. 186 |
| Bellcore, Old "Standards Bearer" by a New Name | p. 192 |
| Telecommunications Industry Standards Association | p. 197 |
| State Department Controls US Interaction with CCITT | p. 199 |
| The European Solution: From CEPT to TRAC and ETSI | p. 202 |
| CEPT Structure (European Conference of Posts and Telecommunications) | p. 202 |
| Objectives | p. 202 |
| Organization | p. 203 |
| Relations between CEPT and the European Community | p. 203 |
| ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) | p. 207 |
| Genesis of a Regional Powerhouse | p. 207 |
| How ETSI Makes Regional Standards Go all the Way | p. 208 |
| ETSI's Organization and Modus Operandi | p. 209 |
| CCITT Responds to Criticism | p. 222 |
| Conclusions | p. 233 |
| Outlook for Competition in World Markets | p. 233 |
| Outlook for Nonindustrialized Countries | p. 240 |
| Learning to Play the Suprapower Game | p. 240 |
| Concluding Summary | p. 242 |
| Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations | p. 245 |
| Select Bibliography | p. 249 |
| Index | p. 253 |
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