| |
| Concept and Definitions | p. 3 |
| What is EDI? | p. 3 |
| Case Study: The Acme Transport Company | p. 3 |
| Case Study: Super Elektronik AB | p. 4 |
| Case Study: CHAPS | p. 6 |
| Summary | p. 7 |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of EDI | p. 7 |
| The Cost Equation | p. 8 |
| "Soft" Benefits | p. 9 |
| Definition of Terms | p. 10 |
| Mainframe/Minicomputer/Personal Computer/Workstation/Server | p. 11 |
| Serial/Parallel/Synchronous/Asynchronous | p. 11 |
| Batch/Online | p. 12 |
| Modem/Leased Line/Dial-up Line | p. 12 |
| Network/LAN/WAN/Node | p. 12 |
| Analog/Digital/Packet/PAD | p. 12 |
| Encryption/Keys/DES/RSA | p. 13 |
| Opportunities and Problems | p. 15 |
| Benefits of EDI | p. 15 |
| Cost of Implementation | p. 18 |
| Hardware and Software | p. 18 |
| Training and Initial Costs | p. 19 |
| Transmission Costs | p. 20 |
| Service Charges | p. 20 |
| Cash Flow Costs | p. 20 |
| Integrating EDI Into Existing Systems and Procedures | p. 21 |
| Software Maintenance | p. 21 |
| Legal Issues | p. 22 |
| Network and Data Security | p. 22 |
| Standards | p. 23 |
| Opportunities | p. 24 |
| |
| Functions of an EDI System | p. 29 |
| The EDI Process | p. 29 |
| EDI Functions | p. 30 |
| Communications | p. 32 |
| Buffering | p. 34 |
| Format Conversion | p. 34 |
| Security | p. 35 |
| Audit | p. 36 |
| Accounting and Analysis | p. 36 |
| Overall Functional Requirements | p. 37 |
| Reliability | p. 37 |
| Geographical Coverage | p. 37 |
| Connectivity | p. 37 |
| Application (Value-Added) Functions | p. 38 |
| EDI Software | p. 39 |
| Software Functions | p. 39 |
| Format Conversion | p. 39 |
| Message Management | p. 40 |
| Communications | p. 41 |
| Security and Access Control | p. 41 |
| Housekeeping and Audit | p. 42 |
| Important Features | p. 43 |
| Hardware Platforms | p. 44 |
| Range of Standards Accommodated | p. 44 |
| Communications | p. 45 |
| Ease of Upgrading | p. 45 |
| Ease of Use | p. 45 |
| Security | p. 45 |
| Categories of Software | p. 46 |
| Open Systems Interconnection | p. 46 |
| Interactive EDI | p. 48 |
| Communications Networks | p. 49 |
| Choice of Communications Network | p. 49 |
| Public Switched Networks | p. 49 |
| Leased Lines | p. 51 |
| Packet Switched Networks | p. 51 |
| ISDN | p. 52 |
| Hybrid Networks | p. 54 |
| Value-Added Networks | p. 56 |
| Trends and Developments | p. 56 |
| Central and Remote Hardware | p. 59 |
| Hardware Independence | p. 59 |
| EDI Host Systems | p. 59 |
| User Hardware | p. 60 |
| Communications Hardware | p. 61 |
| Security | p. 62 |
| EDI Standards | p. 65 |
| The Need for Standards | p. 65 |
| Requirements for a Standard | p. 66 |
| Scope of EDI Standards | p. 66 |
| UN/Edifact | p. 67 |
| History | p. 67 |
| Structure | p. 68 |
| EDIFACT Directories | p. 71 |
| EDIFACT Developments | p. 72 |
| Related Standards | p. 72 |
| Technical EDI Standards | p. 73 |
| Documents | p. 73 |
| Mechanical and Product Design Data | p. 73 |
| Electronic Design Data | p. 74 |
| Proprietary Standards | p. 75 |
| Adaptive EDI | p. 75 |
| Implementing EDI | p. 77 |
| Starting Conditions | p. 77 |
| The Implementation Sequence | p. 79 |
| Terms of Reference | p. 79 |
| Form Project Team | p. 79 |
| EDI Requirements Specification | p. 81 |
| Budget | p. 82 |
| EDI Functional Specification | p. 82 |
| Interchange Agreement | p. 82 |
| Select Network, Software, and Hardware | p. 83 |
| Training | p. 83 |
| Gradual Introduction | p. 83 |
| Review | p. 83 |
| Interchange Agreement | p. 84 |
| Passing the Buck | p. 85 |
| Applications of EDI | p. 87 |
| Categories of Application | p. 87 |
| Trade EDI | p. 87 |
| Technical EDI | p. 88 |
| Specialized Transactions | p. 88 |
| Application Characteristics | p. 89 |
| Standards | p. 89 |
| Connectivity | p. 89 |
| Speed | p. 90 |
| Security | p. 90 |
| Interactive | p. 91 |
| Retail and Wholesale Distribution | p. 93 |
| Retailing in the 1990s | p. 93 |
| Bar-Coding | p. 94 |
| Introduction of EDI | p. 97 |
| Sequence of EDI in Retailing | p. 97 |
| Standards and Messages | p. 99 |
| Wholesaling | p. 100 |
| Benefits | p. 100 |
| General EDI Benefits | p. 100 |
| Inventory Savings | p. 101 |
| Supplier-Customer Relationships | p. 101 |
| Market Pressure | p. 102 |
| Transportation | p. 103 |
| The Transportation Industry | p. 103 |
| Systems and Computers in the Transportation Industry | p. 104 |
| International Trade | p. 105 |
| The Single European Market | p. 106 |
| Progressing Shipments | p. 106 |
| Freight Forwarders | p. 106 |
| Edi Projects in Transportation | p. 107 |
| Benefits of EDI in Transportation | p. 109 |
| Manufacturing | p. 111 |
| European Manufacturing in the 1990s | p. 111 |
| Factors for Success | p. 113 |
| Standards in the Manufacturing Industry | p. 114 |
| Bar-Coding | p. 115 |
| Just in Time and Related Techniques | p. 116 |
| Manufacturing Process Design | p. 116 |
| Just in Time | p. 117 |
| Kanban | p. 119 |
| Flexible Manufacturing | p. 119 |
| Simultaneous Engineering | p. 120 |
| The Automobile Industry | p. 120 |
| The Electronics Industry | p. 121 |
| Benefits of Edi in Manufacturing | p. 122 |
| Paperwork | p. 122 |
| Communications Costs | p. 122 |
| Errors | p. 123 |
| Design and Product Data | p. 123 |
| Lead Times | p. 123 |
| Inventory Savings | p. 123 |
| Process Redesign | p. 124 |
| Customer Service | p. 124 |
| Electronic Funds Transfer | p. 125 |
| The Banking Industry in Europe | p. 125 |
| Money Transmission and Clearing Systems | p. 126 |
| Interbank Edi Projects | p. 129 |
| Swift | p. 130 |
| United Kingdom | p. 131 |
| France | p. 132 |
| Other European Countries | p. 132 |
| Commercial Banking EDI | p. 132 |
| Retail Banking Edi | p. 133 |
| Credit Card Clearing | p. 133 |
| Home Banking | p. 134 |
| Benefits of Electronic Funds Transfer | p. 135 |
| Other Applications | p. 137 |
| Requirements for EDI | p. 137 |
| Insurance | p. 138 |
| Securities | p. 139 |
| Travel and Ticketing | p. 139 |
| Others | p. 139 |
| Future Applications | p. 140 |
| Edi Services and Networks | p. 143 |
| Types of Service | p. 143 |
| Major Edi Networks | p. 144 |
| ATandT EasyLink | p. 144 |
| BT Tymnet | p. 144 |
| GEIS and INS | p. 144 |
| IBM Information Network | p. 145 |
| Summary | p. 146 |
| EDI Services and Software | p. 146 |
| Public Networks | p. 148 |
| Support Services | p. 148 |
| The International Environment | p. 151 |
| Cross-Border EDI | p. 151 |
| International Comparisons | p. 152 |
| North America | p. 153 |
| Japan and East Asia | p. 154 |
| Europe | p. 155 |
| International Systems and Networks | p. 155 |
| |
| Opportunities and Problems Revisited | p. 159 |
| Benefits, Problems, and Issues | p. 159 |
| Competitive Opportunities | p. 160 |
| Perceived Problems | p. 160 |
| Underlying Problems | p. 162 |
| Loss of Differentiation | p. 162 |
| Design Around People | p. 162 |
| Future-Proofing | p. 163 |
| Connectivity | p. 163 |
| Business Requirements Must Stay in Control | p. 164 |
| Business Opportunities | p. 164 |
| A New View of EDI | p. 165 |
| The Future of EDI | p. 167 |
| Extending the User Base | p. 167 |
| New Applications | p. 168 |
| Technological Developments | p. 168 |
| Computing | p. 168 |
| Data Communications | p. 169 |
| EDI Software | p. 170 |
| Standards | p. 172 |
| Relationship Between EDI and Other Techniques | p. 172 |
| New Ways of Doing Business | p. 172 |
| Review and Summary | p. 175 |
| What is EDI? | p. 175 |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of EDI | p. 175 |
| Legal Status | p. 176 |
| Functions of EDI | p. 176 |
| Software | p. 177 |
| Communications | p. 177 |
| Hardware | p. 177 |
| Standards | p. 177 |
| Implementing EDI | p. 178 |
| Applications of EDI | p. 178 |
| Retail and Wholesale Distribution | p. 178 |
| Transportation | p. 179 |
| Manufacturing | p. 179 |
| Electronic Funds Transfer | p. 179 |
| Other Applications | p. 180 |
| EDI Services and Networks | p. 180 |
| The International Scene | p. 180 |
| Conclusions | p. 181 |
| A Checklist | p. 181 |
| Addresses of Principal Network Suppliers in Europe | p. 183 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
