| List of Contributors | p. ixx |
| Preface | p. xxiii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xxvii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Unifying Risk Management and Risk Analysis for Decision Makers | p. 5 |
| Complementary Risk Management: A Unified View for Decision Makers | p. 7 |
| A Short History of Risk Assessment Traditions | p. 7 |
| Defining Risk Analysis | p. 9 |
| Risk Management | p. 15 |
| Risk Perception | p. 22 |
| Complementary Risk Management | p. 27 |
| References | p. 27 |
| Legacies | p. 29 |
| Radiation Legacy of the Soviet Nuclear Complex | p. 31 |
| Background | p. 32 |
| Extraction, Enrichment, and Processing of Uranium Ores | p. 34 |
| Production of Uranium Hexafluoride and Isotopic Enrichment of Uranium | p. 35 |
| Manufacture of Nuclear Fuel | p. 38 |
| Production of Plutonium and Radiochemical Processing of Spent Nuclear Fuel | p. 40 |
| Production of Nuclear Weapons | p. 48 |
| Ship Nuclear Propulsion Plants and Their Infrastructure | p. 48 |
| Nuclear Explosions | p. 52 |
| Conclusion | p. 57 |
| References | p. 57 |
| Status and Challenges of Managing Risks in the U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Management Program | p. 59 |
| Cold War Legacy Challenges | p. 61 |
| New Approach to Risk Management--Risk/Hazard Profiles | p. 65 |
| Relative Hazard and Risk Measure Methodology | p. 70 |
| Conclusions | p. 73 |
| References | p. 74 |
| Perception of Risk, Health, and Inequality | p. 75 |
| General Setting of the Study | p. 76 |
| Risk Perception | p. 77 |
| Health and Environmental Concerns | p. 78 |
| Risk Perception and Socio-Economic Factors | p. 80 |
| Discussion and Conclusions | p. 83 |
| References | p. 85 |
| Risk-Based Ranking Experiences for Cold War Legacy Facilities in the United States | p. 87 |
| Background | p. 88 |
| Risk-Based Ranking Approaches | p. 88 |
| Quantitative Health and Environmental Risk Estimation | p. 93 |
| Facility-Wide Application Experience | p. 94 |
| Lessons Learned: Factors to be Considered and Managed | p. 100 |
| Conclusion | p. 103 |
| References | p. 103 |
| Cleanup of Radioactive Floating Refuse at Vromos Bay | p. 107 |
| Conditions Before Restoration | p. 108 |
| Initial Restoration, 1991-1994 | p. 112 |
| PHARE Project, 1995 | p. 113 |
| Project Results | p. 117 |
| References | p. 120 |
| Integrated Accident Risk Analysis and Applications for the Disposal of Chemical Agents and Munitions | p. 123 |
| Managing Chemical Demilitarisation | p. 124 |
| Quantitative Risk Assessment Methodology Overview | p. 130 |
| Presentation of Risk Results | p. 142 |
| Application to Cold War Legacy Facilities | p. 147 |
| References | p. 147 |
| Environmental Radiation Does Reconstruction for U.S. and Russian Weapons Production Facilities: Hanford and Mayak | p. 149 |
| U.S. and Russian Production Facilities | p. 150 |
| Approaches to Dose Reconstruction: The Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project | p. 155 |
| Approaches to Dose Reconstruction: The Techa River Dosimetry System 2000 | p. 163 |
| Representative Doses to Members of the Public | p. 172 |
| Conclusions | p. 178 |
| References | p. 179 |
| Quantitative Risk Assessment Methods of Accounting for Probabilistic and Deterministic Data Applied to Complex Systems | p. 183 |
| Background | p. 184 |
| Assessment Methodology | p. 184 |
| Conclusion | p. 198 |
| Analyses and Programs Applicable to Legacies | p. 201 |
| Environmental Risk Assessment of Installations and Sites Inherited from the Cold War Period in Bulgaria | p. 203 |
| Types of Installations and Sites | p. 204 |
| Environmental Issues and Organizations to Deal With Them | p. 204 |
| Approaches to Risk Assessment | p. 205 |
| Commonalities of the Two Approaches | p. 208 |
| Conclusion | p. 210 |
| Radiation Factors Risk Assessment Within the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant Exclusion Zone | p. 211 |
| Background | p. 211 |
| The Chornobyl Catastrophe | p. 214 |
| Transport of Contaminants Through the Environment | p. 215 |
| Modelling Strontium-90 Transport Through Exclusion Zone Water Systems | p. 221 |
| Conclusions | p. 223 |
| References | p. 229 |
| Psychological Aspects of Risk Assessment and Management | p. 231 |
| Differences in Risk Perception Between Experts and Lay People | p. 232 |
| External Factors and Motivation in Risk Perception Among the Population | p. 235 |
| Developing an Information Strategy Based on Psychological Aspects of Risk Perception | p. 237 |
| Conclusions | p. 242 |
| References | p. 242 |
| Utilizing a Multimedia Approach for Risk Analysis of Environmental Systems | p. 245 |
| Initial Development of Risk Modelling Capabilities | p. 246 |
| Need for More Complex Systems | p. 246 |
| An Integrated Risk-Assessment Software System | p. 247 |
| Using an Integrated System for a Complex Analysis | p. 249 |
| Conclusions | p. 254 |
| References | p. 254 |
| Using Integrated Quantitative Risk Assessment to Optimise Safety in Chemical Installations | p. 255 |
| Master Logic Diagram | p. 256 |
| Event Tree-Fault Tree Analysis | p. 259 |
| Accident Sequence Quantification | p. 260 |
| Modification of the Frequency of Loss of Containment According to the Safety Management System | p. 261 |
| Case Study | p. 262 |
| Conclusions | p. 268 |
| References | p. 268 |
| Site-Specific Modification of Ground-Water Generic Criteria as Applied to a Contaminated Site | p. 271 |
| Development of Generic Criteria for Ground-Water--Component Selection | p. 273 |
| Site-Specific Modification of Generic Criteria--Value Selection | p. 273 |
| Risk Management Decisions Based on the Site-Speific Modified Ground-Water Criteria | p. 286 |
| Conclusions | p. 289 |
| References | p. 289 |
| Future Directions | p. 291 |
| East Meets West: Teaming on Risk Assessment | p. 293 |
| Why Here, Why Now? | p. 293 |
| Network Goals and Objectives | p. 295 |
| Network Organisation | p. 296 |
| Initial Successes | p. 297 |
| The Future | p. 297 |
| Where Are We Going? | p. 299 |
| View from the West: Methodologies and Applications | p. 300 |
| View from the East: Implementation | p. 302 |
| As Challenges Evolve | p. 305 |
| References | p. 306 |
| Programme from NATO Advanced Study Institute, Risk Assessment Activities for the Cold War Facilities and Environmental Legacies | p. 309 |
| Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in Text | p. 319 |
| Cross Cultural Guide to the Book | p. 325 |
| Index | p. 363 |
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