| Introduction | p. xi |
| How to Use This Book | p. xiii |
| What Teachers Must Do | |
| Establish a Reading Culture | p. 1 |
| Use Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) | p. 4 |
| Read Aloud | p. 8 |
| Help Students Write Their Reading Autobiography | p. 11 |
| Keep Reading Fresh | p. 13 |
| Create the Conditions for Effective Learning | p. 15 |
| Be a Model Reader | p. 18 |
| Use Literature Circles | p. 20 |
| Talk About Reading | p. 23 |
| Make Room for Essential Conversations | p. 25 |
| Teach and Support Students | p. 29 |
| Make Connections | p. 31 |
| Make Available the Necessary Reading Tools | p. 34 |
| Choose Texts Wisely | p. 36 |
| Provide Options for Student Response | p. 38 |
| Use the Dense Question Strategy | p. 43 |
| Prepare Students to Read (Prereading) | p. 45 |
| Use Video to Support, Not Replace, Reading | p. 48 |
| Use Graphic Organizers | p. 50 |
| Develop Guidelines for Group Discussion | p. 54 |
| Use Questions to Support Reading | p. 57 |
| Teach Vocabulary Strategies | p. 60 |
| Teach Students How to Ask for Help | p. 64 |
| Challenge and Support Students While They Are Reading | p. 66 |
| Provide Good Directions | p. 71 |
| Create and Use Study Guides | p. 74 |
| Support Students with Special Needs | p. 77 |
| Support English-Language Learners | p. 79 |
| Support Students with Learning Difficulties | p. 80 |
| Evaluate Your Own Teaching | p. 83 |
| Remember Why We Read | p. 86 |
| Consider Richard Allington's Ten Principles of Good Instruction | p. 89 |
| Teach by Design | p. 92 |
| Stop and Reflect Periodically | p. 94 |
| Consult the Standards | p. 96 |
| Revisit the Six Features of Effective English Instruction | p. 100 |
| Evaluate Your Students | p. 103 |
| Use Reading Surveys | p. 106 |
| Develop Portfolio Guidelines | p. 108 |
| Compare Effective and Ineffective Readers | p. 111 |
| Have Them Use the Reading Scale | p. 118 |
| Troubleshoot Reading Difficulties | p. 122 |
| Check for Understanding and Growth | p. 123 |
| What Students Must Be Able to Do | |
| Read a Variety of Texts for Different Purposes | p. 127 |
| Textbooks | p. 130 |
| Poems | p. 132 |
| Web Pages | p. 135 |
| Narrative Texts | p. 137 |
| Expository Texts | p. 142 |
| Images | p. 146 |
| Tests | p. 149 |
| Primary Source Documents | p. 151 |
| Plays | p. 153 |
| Essays | p. 156 |
| Read in Different Ways: To Think, to Study, to Gather | p. 159 |
| Read for Style, Argument, Form, and Genre | p. 162 |
| Ask Different Types of Questions | p. 167 |
| Self-Select Books | p. 169 |
| Use Various Strategies | p. 173 |
| Question the Author (Q and A) | p. 177 |
| ReQuest (Reciprocal Questioning) | p. 179 |
| Concept Cards | p. 181 |
| Repeated Reading | p. 183 |
| PreReading Plan (PReP) | p. 185 |
| Directed Reading and Thinking Activity (DRTA) | p. 187 |
| SQ3R | p. 189 |
| KWL | p. 191 |
| CRITICS Procedure | p. 194 |
| Anticipation Guides | p. 196 |
| Think-Alouds | p. 199 |
| Reciprocal Teaching | p. 203 |
| Ask Questions to Understand Stories | p. 205 |
| Make Predictions | p. 207 |
| Keep a Journal | p. 210 |
| Annotate Texts | p. 213 |
| Take Good Notes | p. 216 |
| Retell the Text | p. 220 |
| Perform the Text | p. 223 |
| Draw the Action | p. 226 |
| Chunk the Text | p. 230 |
| Develop Their Own Reading Capacity | p. 233 |
| Read Different Types of Text | p. 235 |
| Write to Improve Reading | p. 237 |
| Develop Textual Intelligence | p. 241 |
| Read at Different Levels | p. 245 |
| Read from a Variety of Perspectives | p. 247 |
| Develop Prior Knowledge | p. 252 |
| Use Written Conversations | p. 254 |
| Use Shared Inquiry | p. 257 |
| Outline What They Read | p. 259 |
| Summarize and Paraphrase | p. 262 |
| Expand Vocabulary | p. 267 |
| Make the Foreign Familiar | p. 271 |
| Know the Difference Between Fact and Opinion | p. 276 |
| Understand Narrative Design | p. 279 |
| Discuss the Role of Character | p. 285 |
| Know the Organizational Structures of Information | p. 291 |
| Improve Speed, Fluency, and Stamina | p. 295 |
| Determine What Is Important | p. 298 |
| Explain Their Thinking: Elaboration Strategies | p. 301 |
| Discuss Their Reading: Reporting Strategies | p. 304 |
| Make the Abstract Concrete | p. 307 |
| Develop Confidence | p. 311 |
| Evaluate and Monitor Their Understanding, Performance, and Progress | p. 313 |
| Review, Reflect, and Reinforce | p. 315 |
| Develop Reading Goals | p. 318 |
| Recast the Text | p. 320 |
| Keep a Learning Log | p. 324 |
| Appendices | p. 328 |
| Works Cited | p. 1 |
| Further Information: Recommended Reading | p. 3 |
| Graphic Organizers | |
| Categorical Thinking | p. 7 |
| Conversational Roundtable | p. 8 |
| Cornell Notes I | p. 9 |
| Cornell Notes II | p. 10 |
| Cornell Notes III | p. 11 |
| Feature Analysis | p. 12 |
| Idea Cards | p. 13 |
| Interactive Reading (CRITICS Procedure) | p. 14 |
| KWL (What I Know/What I Want to Know/What I Learned) Organizer | p. 15 |
| Linear Array | p. 16 |
| On Target | p. 17 |
| Outline Template | p. 18 |
| Plot the Action | p. 19 |
| Reading an Argument | p. 20 |
| Reading to Compare | p. 21 |
| Semantic Map | p. 22 |
| Story Board | p. 23 |
| Story Structure | p. 24 |
| Think in Threes | p. 25 |
| Three-Column Organizer | p. 26 |
| Time Line Organizer | p. 27 |
| Venn Diagram | p. 28 |
| Vocabulary Square | p. 29 |
| What Confuses Me Most | p. 30 |
| What's the Big Idea? | p. 31 |
| Additional Resources | |
| Independent Reading Follow-up Essay Assignment | p. 32 |
| Rhetorical Modes | p. 34 |
| Bookmark--Reading: Think About It! | p. 36 |
| Bookmark--Reading Reminders | p. 37 |
| Reading the World of Standards Across Disciplines | p. 38 |
| Reading Survey | p. 47 |
| The Elements of a Text | p. 51 |
| California Language Arts Content Standards Checklist (Grades 9-10) | p. 52 |
| California Language Arts Content Standards Checklist (Grades 11-12) | p. 54 |
| Sample Rationale for Teaching a Text | p. 56 |
| The Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory "Traits of an Effective Reader Reading an Informational Text Scoring Guide" | p. 57 |
| The Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory "Traits of an Effective Reader Reading a Literary Text Scoring Guide" | p. 59 |
| Glossary of Literary Terms | p. 61 |
| 103 Things to Do in the Classroom to Improve Student Reading Performance Before/During/After | p. 64 |
| Dear Sophomores: The Last Word on Learning and Reading | p. 67 |
| Types of Text | p. 68 |
| Index | p. 1 |
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