| Acknowledgments | p. ix |
| List of abbreviations | p. xi |
| What is peace? | p. 1 |
| Idealism and realism | p. 2 |
| New wars | p. 4 |
| Defining terms | p. 6 |
| What's in a word? | p. 8 |
| "Pacifist" Japan? | p. 11 |
| Latin American and African traditions | p. 12 |
| Pacifism and "just war" | p. 14 |
| An outline of peace history | p. 16 |
| An overview of peacemaking ideas | p. 18 |
| Movements | p. 23 |
| The first peace societies | p. 25 |
| Stirrings | p. 26 |
| Social origins and political agendas | p. 29 |
| Elihu Burritt: the learned blacksmith | p. 32 |
| The first peace congresses | p. 34 |
| The right of self-determination | p. 35 |
| Universalizing peace | p. 38 |
| The Hague Peace Conference | p. 40 |
| Not enough | p. 43 |
| Toward internationalism | p. 45 |
| Concepts and trends | p. 46 |
| The arbitration revolution | p. 49 |
| A League of Nations | p. 52 |
| Wilson's vision | p. 54 |
| The challenge of supporting the League | p. 58 |
| Outlawing war | p. 62 |
| Facing fascism | p. 67 |
| Peace movement reborn | p. 69 |
| Pledging war resistance | p. 71 |
| Revolutionary antimilitarism | p. 75 |
| The Peace Ballot | p. 76 |
| Against appeasement | p. 79 |
| Imperial failure | p. 81 |
| The neutrality debate | p. 84 |
| The emergency peace campaign | p. 85 |
| Losing Spain | p. 87 |
| The end of "pacifism" | p. 88 |
| Debating disarmament | p. 93 |
| Early reluctance | p. 95 |
| Disarmament to the fore | p. 96 |
| Challenging the "merchants of death" | p. 98 |
| The naval disarmament treaties | p. 100 |
| World disarmament conference | p. 103 |
| The collapse of disarmament | p. 105 |
| Disarmament at fault? | p. 106 |
| Confronting the cold war | p. 109 |
| Creating the United Nations | p. 111 |
| The rise of world federalism | p. 115 |
| Cold war collapse | p. 117 |
| Militarization and resistance in Japan | p. 120 |
| The leviathan | p. 122 |
| Speaking truth to power | p. 123 |
| Banning the bomb | p. 126 |
| The shock of discovery | p. 126 |
| Scientists organize | p. 128 |
| The Baruch plan | p. 131 |
| For nuclear sanity | p. 133 |
| The beginning of arms control | p. 136 |
| Nuclear pacifism in Japan | p. 138 |
| The rise of the nuclear freeze | p. 139 |
| God against the bomb | p. 142 |
| A prairie fire | p. 145 |
| Ferment in Europe | p. 146 |
| Who won? | p. 149 |
| Lessons from the end of the cold war | p. 151 |
| Refusing war | p. 155 |
| Vietnam: a triangular movement | p. 157 |
| Challenging presidents, constraining escalation | p. 159 |
| Social disruption and political costs | p. 162 |
| Resistance in the military | p. 164 |
| The rise of conscientious objection | p. 167 |
| The movement against war in Iraq | p. 170 |
| Winning while losing | p. 174 |
| Countering the "war on terror" | p. 176 |
| Themes | p. 181 |
| Religion | p. 183 |
| Eastern traditions | p. 185 |
| Study war no more | p. 188 |
| Salaam and jihad | p. 190 |
| Christianity | p. 193 |
| Anabaptists and Quakers | p. 195 |
| Tolstoy's anarchist pacifism | p. 197 |
| Social Christianity | p. 199 |
| Catholic peacemaking | p. 200 |
| Niebuhr's challenge | p. 203 |
| Beyond perfectionism | p. 206 |
| The nonviolent alternative | p. 208 |
| A force more powerful | p. 211 |
| Religious roots | p. 213 |
| Action for change | p. 216 |
| Coercion and nonviolence | p. 218 |
| The power of love | p. 220 |
| Spirit and method | p. 222 |
| Two hands | p. 224 |
| A tool against tyranny | p. 227 |
| Courage and strength | p. 229 |
| Democracy | p. 233 |
| Early voices | p. 234 |
| Democracy against militarism | p. 236 |
| Cobden: peace through free trade | p. 237 |
| Kant: the philosopher of peace | p. 240 |
| Human nature | p. 243 |
| For democratic control | p. 246 |
| The Kantian triad | p. 249 |
| The insights of feminism | p. 255 |
| Empowering women | p. 257 |
| Social justice | p. 260 |
| Socialism and pacifism: early differences | p. 262 |
| Convergence | p. 264 |
| The Leninist critique | p. 266 |
| Scientific pacifism | p. 269 |
| Peace through economic justice | p. 270 |
| The development-peace nexus | p. 273 |
| Development for whom? | p. 275 |
| Responsibility to protect | p. 279 |
| Bridging the cold war divide | p. 280 |
| War for democracy? | p. 283 |
| Opposing war, advancing freedom | p. 286 |
| Human rights and security | p. 287 |
| Debating Kosovo | p. 289 |
| The responsibility to protect | p. 292 |
| Peace operations | p. 296 |
| The challenge in Darfur | p. 299 |
| A moral equivalent | p. 302 |
| The belligerence of the masses | p. 304 |
| Peace and its discontents: the Einstein-Freud dialogue | p. 306 |
| Nonmilitary service | p. 307 |
| Nonviolent warriors | p. 310 |
| Transforming conflict | p. 313 |
| Human security service | p. 315 |
| Patriotic pacifism | p. 317 |
| Realizing disarmament | p. 321 |
| From nonproliferation to disarmament | p. 323 |
| The Canberra Commission | p. 325 |
| Sparking the debate | p. 328 |
| "Weapons of terror" | p. 329 |
| What is zero? | p. 331 |
| Realistic pacifism | p. 334 |
| Theory | p. 335 |
| Practice | p. 336 |
| Action | p. 337 |
| Bibliography | p. 340 |
| Index | p. 355 |
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