| Introduction | p. 19 |
| Anxiety: Past, Present, and Future--A Question of Definition | p. 23 |
| Clinical Vignette: Mary Ann | p. 25 |
| History | p. 27 |
| Theories of Anxiety | p. 28 |
| A Physiologic Viewpoint | p. 30 |
| Normal Versus Abnormal Anxiety | p. 32 |
| The Positive Aspects of Anxiety | p. 34 |
| Pathological Anxiety | p. 35 |
| The Signs and Symptoms of Anxiety | p. 36 |
| A Modern View | p. 38 |
| From Anxiety to Panic Disorder: An Historical Perspective | p. 41 |
| The Classification of Mental Disorders | p. 43 |
| 1952--Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-1) | p. 44 |
| 1968--DSM-II | p. 46 |
| 1980--DSM-II | p. 49 |
| Classification Controversies | p. 51 |
| 1987--DSM-III-R | p. 54 |
| Limited Symptom Attacks | p. 55 |
| Clinical Vignette: Wanda | p. 56 |
| The Benefits of Awareness | p. 57 |
| Panic Disorder: A Special Anxiety State | p. 59 |
| Clinical Vignette: Ray | p. 61 |
| What Is Panic Disorder? | p. 61 |
| Definition: DSM-III-R Criteria | p. 62 |
| Who Gets Panic Disorder? | p. 64 |
| The Panic-Prone Person | p. 65 |
| Typical Course or Presentation | p. 66 |
| Other Clinical Presentations | p. 68 |
| An Irritable Bowel Syndrome Presentation | p. 70 |
| Clinical Vignette: Andrew | p. 71 |
| Relationship to Substance Abuse | p. 72 |
| Possible Resolutions of Panic Disorder | p. 73 |
| Clinical Vignette: Rose | p. 75 |
| Relationship to Pregnancy | p. 75 |
| The Emotional Problem of the 1980s | p. 76 |
| The Great Pretender: Differential Diagnosis of Panic Disorder | p. 79 |
| Differentiation from Other Psychiatric Disorders | p. 84 |
| Differentiation from Medical Conditions | p. 89 |
| The Panic Disorder Medical Workup | p. 93 |
| Panic Disorder: Is It Emotional or Physical? | p. 97 |
| Biological (Physical) Theories | p. 99 |
| Psychological (Emotional) Theories | p. 110 |
| Hereditary Predisposition | p. 113 |
| Etiologic Conclusions | p. 114 |
| Panic Disorder through the Life Cycle: A Longitudinal--Life History Approach | p. 115 |
| Early Development/Childhood | p. 117 |
| Separation Anxiety | p. 118 |
| Adolescence/Young Adulthood | p. 120 |
| Clinical Vignette: Jody | p. 121 |
| Middle Age | p. 122 |
| Clinical Vignette: Marie | p. 124 |
| Clinical Vignette: Russ | p. 127 |
| The Geriatric Years | p. 130 |
| Clinical Vignette: Mrs. Elliot | p. 131 |
| Treatment: The Initial Phase--Reassurance and Education | p. 133 |
| Clinical Vignette Continued | p. 135 |
| The Therapeutic Aspects of Diagnosis | p. 136 |
| Establishing Rapport | p. 137 |
| Offering Reassurance | p. 138 |
| Education | p. 140 |
| Self-Help Techniques | p. 142 |
| How Can Family Members and Friends Help? | p. 143 |
| Clinical Vignette: Jim and Julie | p. 145 |
| Making Human but Expert Contact | p. 147 |
| Treatment: Individual Psychotherapy | p. 149 |
| Clinical Vignette: Joyce | p. 151 |
| The Psychiatric History: The Initial Phase of Psychotherapy | p. 152 |
| The Mental Status Examination | p. 153 |
| Areas to Explore and Understand in Therapy | p. 155 |
| Recent Stress | p. 155 |
| Dealing with Feelings | p. 156 |
| Independence/Dependence | p. 157 |
| Emotional Needs | p. 158 |
| Dealing with Internal Conflict | p. 159 |
| Toward a More Independent Life-Style | p. 160 |
| Other Mental Health Treatments | p. 163 |
| Stress Reduction | p. 165 |
| Relaxation Training | p. 167 |
| Group Psychotherapy | p. 168 |
| Hypnosis | p. 170 |
| Cognitive Therapy | p. 172 |
| Exposure Therapy | p. 175 |
| Treatment: Psychopharmacology | p. 179 |
| Beta Blocking Agents | p. 182 |
| Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists | p. 183 |
| Antidepressants | p. 184 |
| Tranquilizers | p. 188 |
| Relapse after Withdrawal of Medication | p. 191 |
| Clinical Choices and Guidelines | p. 192 |
| Panic Disorder: The Future | p. 195 |
| Classification | p. 197 |
| Etiology | p. 198 |
| Differential Diagnosis: Relationship to Other Disorders | p. 201 |
| An Individualized Treatment Plan | p. 204 |
| A Holistic Point of View: A Psychological, Behavioral, Biological Synthesis | p. 206 |
| References | p. 209 |
| Index | p. 225 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
