Middle East in Focus

From Revolution to Institutionalization

By: E. Azani

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Hardcover | 1 January 2009 | Edition Number 1

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308 Pages

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23.2 x 16.5 x 2.5

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The Hezbollah movement is a product of the environment in which it operates and of the interactions as well as of the reciprocal relations between the players surrounding it. Hezbollah is a Lebanese Shiite movement with an affinity and a deep correlation with the Iranian system, yet it's foundation stemmed from the development of social and political procedures in the Lebanese system, in general, and among the Shia sect, in particular.

As the movement expanded and became institutionalized, it turned more sensitive to the procedures and influences of the internal and the regional systems. On the regional and the international fields, it used a controlled policy which integrating between guerrilla warfare and terrorist attacks while taking into account "profit and loss" considerations. The 2008 model of Hezbollah is one of a pragmatic terrorist organization that is far more dangerous than that of the revolutionary Hezbollah of the eighties. In fact, the movement hasn't abandoned its goals, but changed their pace of application.

Industry Reviews

"This is a thorough study of Hezbollah. . . . The book is a valuable contribution to the study of Lebanese and Middle Eastern politics and Islamist and other liberation movement. Summing Up: Recommended. General readers and upper-division undergraduate students through research faculty." - Choice

"A solid, descriptive analysis of Hizballah" - Journal of Palestine Studies

"A detailed study by a true scholar-practitioner, Hezbollah from Revolution to Pragmatism should be required reading for anyone interested in really understanding this complex political, social and militant organization." - Dr. Matthew Levitt, Director of the Stein Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy and former Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Intelligence and Analysis.

"Terrorism experts and security agencies in the US and around the world agree that Lebanese Hezbollah is one of the most dangerous terrorist organizations in the world. Hezbollah enjoy extensive Iranian financial and military support which paves the way for its terror and psychological campaigns. This book is by far the best book published for many years on Hezbollah. The author's unique point of view which combines scholarly approaches with extensive field experience helps to comprehend the complex and dynamic relationship of the Hezbollah-Iran-Lebanon triangle. The book is a must read for decision makers, scholars, students and anyone who is interested in the nature of modern terrorism." - Dr. Boaz Ganor, Koret Distinguished Visiting Fellow at Hoover Institution, Stanford University

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Preface	p. ix
Social Protest Movements-Theoretical Framework	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Social Movements and Their Target Audiences	p. 2
The Principal Theoretical Approaches	p. 3
The Conditions for the Development of a Social Movement	p. 4
Explications for Recruitment to Protest Movements	p. 7
The Influence of Reciprocal Relations between Protest Movements and Their Opponents on the Direction of Their Development	p. 15
Protest Movements, Religion, and Ethnicity	p. 18
The Development of Protest Movements	p. 21
Development of Social Movements in Muslim Society: The Phenomenon and Its Characteristics	p. 23
The Idea of "Umma" and the Means to Realize It: Dawa and Jihad	p. 23
Research Approaches in the Analysis of the Phenomenon of Radical Islam	p. 24
Explanations for the Emergence of Islamic Social Movements	p. 28
Exploitation of Political Opportunities	p. 32
Islamic Movements-Typology and Main Similarities	p. 32
The Islamic Discourse	p. 36
Islamic Thought-Central Motifs, Directions, and Trends of Evolution	p. 39
Khomeini-the Father of Shiite Radicalism	p. 40
Islamic Movements in Processes of Change	p. 41
Summary	p. 45
The Shiite Community in Lebanon and the Background for Hezbollah's Emergence	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
The Shiite Community in Lebanon-from Passivity to Revolutionary Activity	p. 48
The Emergence of the Hezbollah Movement-Organizational Infrastructure and Action Strategies	p. 59
The Crystallization of Hezbollah and Its Expansion in Lebanon	p. 65
Summary	p. 73
Expansion and Institutionalization of the Movement-Constraints and Adaptation	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
The 1988-1990 Amal-Hezbollah Struggles-A Sign of the End of the Movement's Expansion Period	p. 76
Fighting Words alongside Mediation and Dialogue-the Leading Strategies in the War for Public Opinion	p. 82
Hezbollah and the Shiite Community-from Expansion to Institutionalization and from the Old Order to the New Order in Lebanon	p. 84
Hassan Nasrallah-a New Pattern of Leadership	p. 91
Integration into the Lebanese Political System-the Reasons, the Explanations, and the Justifications	p. 94
Summary	p. 102
Political Institutionalization and Public Discourse-Adaptation and Legitimization	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
The Political Purview-the Campaign for the Shiite Community's Public Opinion between the 1992 and the 1996 Elections	p. 105
Emphasis of Achievements from Parliamentary Activity as a Means of Establishing the Conceptual Change among Its Audiences	p. 106
The Military Purview-Security of the Inhabitant of the South as a Determining Factor in the Decisions of the Movement	p. 110
Extraorganizational Political Struggles	p. 117
The 1996 Election Campaign-Marking False Expectations	p. 123
The Municipal System as a Means of Strengthening the Connection between the Movement and the Shiite Community	p. 125
The Movement in Processes of Internal Change	p. 126
The Revolution of the Hungry as an Expression of Processes of Change and Internal Struggles	p. 131
Conclusion	p. 134
Hezbollah as a Player in the Lebanese Political Arena-Mutual Influences	p. 137
Hezbollah and the Lebanese System-Mutual Influences since the Foundation of the Movement (1982) to the Ta'if Agreement (1990)	p. 137
Hezbollah and the Lebanese System-Mutual Influences during the Movement's Establishment	p. 138
Hezbollah and the Lebanese System-Mutual Influences during the Movement's Consolidation	p. 140
The Hezbollah and the Lebanese System-Mutual Influences during the Movement's Expansion	p. 142
Hezbollah and the Lebanese Militias	p. 145
The Hezbollah and the Lebanese System-Mutual Influences from the Ta'if Agreement (1990) On	p. 146
Hezbollah and the Lebanese Government-between Rivalry and Reciprocity	p. 149
From Inclusive Oppositional Activity to Constructive Oppositional Activity	p. 151
Hezbollah and the Lebanese Parties-Dynamic Relations	p. 156
Hezbollah as a Political Body-from Activity Devoid of Restraints, to a Partially Restrained and Controlled Activity Policy	p. 158
Summary	p. 172
Hezbollah as a Regional Player	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
The Shiite Community and the Arab Regional Front-Mutual Influences on the Eve of the Hezbollah's Establishment	p. 175
The Shiite Community and Israel on the Eve of Hezbollah's Establishment	p. 176
Hezbollah and the Arab Regional System-Mutual Influences from the Establishment of the Movement (1982) until the Ta'if Accord (1990)	p. 177
Hezbollah and Israel-Mutual Influences from the Movement's Establishment (1982) to the Ta'if Accord (1990)	p. 182
Hezbollah and the Regional Front-Summary of Mutual Influences during the Eighties	p. 185
Hezbollah and the Regional Front-Mutual Influences from the Ta'if Accord (1990) Onward	p. 187
Hezbollah and the Arab Regional Front-Mutual Influences from the 1990s On	p. 187
Hezbollah and Israel-Mutual Influences from the 1990s On	p. 195
Summary	p. 199
Hezbollah as a Player in the International Arena	p. 201
Introduction	p. 201
Hezbollah-a Terrorist Movement with Presence and Activity in the International Arena	p. 202
Principles and the Dispersion of Hezbollah's Network of Terrorism in the International Arena	p. 203
Hezbollah and the International System-Reciprocal Relations between the Years 1980 and 1985	p. 205
Hezbollah and the International System-Reciprocal Relations between the Years 1985 and 1990	p. 207
Hezbollah and the International System-Reciprocal Relations during the 1990s	p. 209
The Attempts to Cause the Movement's Disarmament via Syria	p. 218
Summary	p. 221
Hezbollah between the IDF's Withdrawal from Lebanon in May 2000 and the Second Lebanon War in July 2006	p. 223
Introduction	p. 223
Hezbollah and the Lebanese System-Mutual Influences Resulting in the Withdrawal of the IDF (2000)	p. 223
The Struggle in the Internal Lebanese Arena Concerning the Continuation of the Resistance-the Shebaa Farms as a Case Study	p. 225
The Internal Argument in Lebanon Concerning the Disarming of Hezbollah	p. 226
Hezbollah and the Political System in Lebanon	p. 228
Hezbollah and the Regional System-Reciprocal Influences since the IDF's Withdrawal	p. 232
Hezbollah and the International System-Reciprocal Influences since the IDF's Withdrawal (2000)	p. 237
Summary and Conclusions	p. 241
Notes	p. 249
Bibliography	p. 287
Index	p. 291
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Middle East in Focus

From Revolution to Institutionalization

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

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