Introduction xix
Chapter 1 Introduction to Networking 1
Comparing Logical and Physical Networks 1
Networking Home Computers 2
Networking Small Offices and Home Offices 4
Understanding Local Area Networks 6
Comparing Workgroups and Domains 7
Exploring the Benefits of Domains and Domain Controllers 9
Networking Large Offices 10
Networking Enterprises 12
Understanding Wide Area Networks 12
Understanding Branch Offices 13
Accessing Networks Remotely 14
Understanding Standards Organizations 15
Understanding the Internet Engineering Task Force 16
Understanding the World Wide Web Consortium 17
Understanding the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 18
Understanding the International Telecommunication Union 18
The Essentials and Beyond 18
Chapter 2 Overview of Networking Components 21
Comparing Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Traffic 21
Understanding Unicast Traffic 22
Understanding Broadcast Traffic 23
Understanding Multicast Traffic 25
Understanding Network Hardware 26
Understanding Hubs 27
Understanding Switches 28
Understanding Bridges 29
Understanding Routers 30
Understanding Firewalls 32
Understanding Media 34
Exploring Protocols and Services 36
Exploring Protocols 36
Understanding Services 37
Understanding Basic Topologies 38
The Essentials and Beyond 39
Chapter 3 Understanding the OSI Model 41
Understanding the OSI Model 41
Application Layer 43
Presentation Layer 44
Session Layer 45
Transport Layer 46
Network Layer 48
Data Link Layer 49
Physical Layer 52
Putting It Together 52
Packets and Frames 53
Understanding the TCP/IP Model 55
Mapping Devices on the OSI and TCP Models 56
Physical Layer 58
Data Link Layer 59
Network Layer 59
Application Layer 60
Mapping Protocols on the OSI and TCP/IP Models 60
The Essentials and Beyond 61
Chapter 4 Core TCP/IP Protocols 63
Understanding TCP and UDP 63
Exploring TCP 64
Exploring UDP 66
Exploring Common Protocols 67
Address Resolution Protocol 67
Hypertext Transfer Protocol 68
File Transfer Protocol 69
Trivial File Transfer Protocol 71
Telnet 71
Remote Desktop Services 71
Secure Sockets Layer 72
Transport Layer Security 72
Secure Shell 73
Internet Protocol Security 74
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 74
Post Office Protocol v3 75
Internet Message Access Protocol 75
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 76
Kerberos 77
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol 77
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol 77
Simple Network Management Protocol 78
Internet Group Multicast Protocol 78
Internet Control Message Protocol 78
Understanding Ports 79
Controlling Port Traffic with a Firewall 81
Mapping Internally Used Ports and Protocols 81
The Essentials and Beyond 83
Chapter 5 Exploring IPv4 85
Exploring the Components of an IPv4 Address 85
Ascertaining the Network ID and Host ID of an IP Address 86
Identifying the Default Gateway 90
Determining Local and Remote Addresses 91
Understanding Classful IP Addresses 92
Identifying Reserved IP Address Ranges 94
Exploring an IPv4 Address in Binary 95
Understanding the Bits of an IP Address 95
Understanding CIDR Notation 98
Masking the IP Address 98
Using Classless IP Addresses 100
Subnetting IPv4 Addresses 100
Determining the Number of Subnet Bits 101
Determining the Number of Hosts in a Network 103
Identifying Local and Remote Addresses 105
Applying Subnetting Knowledge 107
Comparing Manual and Automatic Assignment of IPv4 Addresses 110
Manually Configuring IPv4 110
Using DHCP 110
Understanding APIPA 112
The Essentials and Beyond 113
Chapter 6 Exploring IPv6 117
Exploring IPv6 Addresses 117
Comparing IPv4 Classes and IPv6 Prefixes 118
Understanding Hexadecimal 119
Displaying IPv6 Addresses 120
Comparing IPv6 Transmission Types 121
Understanding the Need for IPv6 122
Understanding Neighbor Discovery 122
Exploring the Components of an IPv6 Address 123
Understanding Global Unicast Addresses 124
Understanding Link-Local Addresses 125
Understanding Unique Local Addresses 126
Understanding the Dual IP Stack 127
Using IPv4-Mapped IPv6 Addresses 127
Understanding IPv4 to IPv6 Tunneling Protocols 128
Comparing Manual and Automatic Assignment of IPv6 129
Manually Configuring IPv6 129
Using DHCPv6 130
The Essentials and Beyond 131
Chapter 7 Connecting Computers to a Network 133
Identifying Potential Problems with Connectivity 133
Understanding EMI 134
Understanding RFI 134
Avoiding Power Spikes 134
Avoiding Interception 137
Preventing Fire Hazards 142
Understanding Cross Talk 142
Exploring Cable Types and Their Characteristics 144
Understanding Twisted Pair 144
Comparing Unshielded and Shielded Twisted Pair 146
Comparing Straight-Through and Crossover Cables 146
Understanding Fiber Optic 147
Understanding Wireless 149
The Essentials and Beyond 150
Chapter 8 Networking Computers with Switches 153
Connecting Multiple Computers 153
Understanding Physical Ports 156
Identifying the Number and Type of Ports 156
Identifying Ports in Drawings 157
Comparing Hubs and Switches 158
Understanding Collision Domains 159
Identifying a Collision Domain with a Hub 159
Identifying Collision Domains with a Switch 160
Mapping Ports to MAC Addresses 161
Comparing Managed and Unmanaged Switches 162
Understanding Unmanaged Switches 163
Understanding Managed Switches 163
Comparing Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switches 164
Using a Managed Switch to Create a VLAN 164
Exploring Switch Speeds 167
Identifying Transmission Speeds 168
Understanding the Uplink Port 169
Identifying Backplane Speed 170
Understanding Security Options 170
Understanding Port Security 171
Planning Hardware Redundancy 171
The Essentials and Beyond 172
Chapter 9 Connecting Networks with Routers 175
Connecting Multiple Networks 175
Comparing Hardware Routers and Software Routers 177
Understanding Default Routes 177
Understanding Directly Connected Routes 179
Routing Traffic on a Network 180
Creating Static Routes 180
Configuring Dynamic Routing 182
Understanding the Routing Table185
Identifying Transmission Speeds 187
Routing Software in Windows Server 2008 188
Adding Routing Services to Windows Server 2008 188
Configuring a Router on Windows Server 2008 190
Understanding Other Routing Protocols 192
Using a DHCP Relay Agent 193
Using an IGMP Router and Proxy 194
Using NAT 195
The Essentials and Beyond 195
Chapter 10 Resolving Names to IP Addresses 197
Exploring Types of Names Used in Networks 197
Understanding Host Names 199
Understanding NetBIOS Names 199
Creating NetBIOS Names from Host Names 202
Viewing and Modifying a Computer Name 203
Exploring Types of Name Resolution 204
Understanding Domain Naming Service 205
Viewing the Host Cache 210
Viewing the Hosts File 211
Understanding WINS 212
Viewing the NetBIOS Cache 213
Understanding the Lmhosts File 214
Understanding Broadcast Name Resolution 214
Understanding Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution 214
Identifying the Steps in Name Resolution 215
Identifying Steps in Host Name Resolution 215
Identifying Steps in NetBIOS Name Resolution 216
The Essentials and Beyond 217
Chapter 11 Understanding Network Security Zones 219
Understanding Risks on the Internet 219
Exploring an Intranet 221
Understanding Network Address Translation 222
Understanding Proxy Servers 224
Understanding Firewalls 227
Exploring the Windows Server 2008 Firewall 229
Identifying a Perimeter Network 232
Understanding a Reverse Proxy Server 233
Understanding Guest Networks 234
Understanding Extranets 235
The Essentials and Beyond 236
Chapter 12 Understanding Wireless Networking 239
Exploring Basic Wireless Components 239
Using Wireless Access Points 240
Naming the Wireless Network 241
Comparing CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA 243
Comparing Networking Standards and Characteristics 243
Comparing FHSS, DSSS, and OFDM 244
IEEE 802 11 245
IEEE 802 11a 246
IEEE 802 11b 247
IEEE 802 11g 247
IEEE 802 11n 248
Comparing Network Security Methods 248
Wired Equivalent Privacy 249
Wi-Fi Protected Access 251
WPA2 252
Using an IEEE 802 1x Authentication Server 253
Using Wireless Networks 254
Home Wireless Networks 255
Wireless Networks in a Business 258
Understanding Point-to-Point Wireless 259
The Essentials and Beyond 261
Chapter 13 Understanding Internet Access Methods and Wide Area Networks 263
Comparing Connectivity Methods Used in Homes and SOHOs 263
Using a Dial-up Connection 264
Connecting with DSL 265
Employing Broadband Cable 266
Connecting via Satellite 267
Comparing Connectivity Methods in Enterprises 269
Exploring Digital Signal Lines 271
Using ISDN 271
Using T1/T3 Lines and E1/E3 Lines 272
Ethernet WAN 273
Exploring Remote Access Services 273
Connecting to RAS via Dial-up 274
Connecting to RAS via a VPN 276
Comparing Client VPNs with Gateway VPNs 278
Adding Remote Access Services to Windows Server 2008 278
Using RADIUS 279
The Essentials and Beyond 280
Chapter 14 Troubleshooting TCP/IP 283
Using the Command Prompt 283
Getting Help at the Command Prompt 284
Using Switches 285
Understanding Case Sensitivity 285
Checking the TCP/IP Configuration with ipconfig 287
Troubleshooting Connectivity with ping 291
Identifying Routers with tracert 295
Verifying the Routed Path with pathping 297
Viewing TCP/IP Statistics with netstat 299
Installing Telnet 304
The Essentials and Beyond 306
Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 309
Chapter 1 309
Chapter 2 310
Chapter 3 310
Chapter 4 311
Chapter 5 312
Chapter 6 312
Chapter 7 313
Chapter 8 314
Chapter 9 314
Chapter 10 315
Chapter 11 316
Chapter 12 316
Chapter 13 317
Chapter 14 317
Appendix B Microsoft’s Certification Program 319
Certification Objectives Map 320
Index 325
