Preface xxi
1 Fermatean Fuzzy Entropy Measure with Application in Decision Making Using COPRAS Approach 1
Mansi Bhatia, H. D. Arora, Anjali Naithani and Vijay Kumar
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Preliminaries 4
1.3 Novel Fermatean Entropy Measure 5
1.4 Application of Entropy Measure Through COPRAS 7
1.5 Comparative Analysis 12
1.6 Conclusion 13
References 13
2 Some Properties of Cartesian and Lexicographic Products of Soft Graphs 17
Jinta Jose, Bobin George and Rajesh K. Thumbakara
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Soft Graphs 18
2.3 Some Properties of Cartesian and Restricted Cartesian Products of Soft Graphs 20
2.4 Some Properties of Lexicographic and Restricted Lexicographic Products of Soft Graphs 23
2.5 Conclusion 26
References 26
3 Advancements in Enhancing Car Object Detection in Complex and Adverse Environmental Conditions Through Deep Learning Techniques 29
Rejuwan Shamim, Biswadip Basu Mallik and Trapty Agarwal
3.1 Introduction 30
3.2 Literature Review 33
3.3 Methodology 35
3.4 Result 44
3.5 Discussion 49
3.6 Conclusion 54
References 57
4 Approximation by Durrmeyer Type Operators Using Polya Distribution 61
Prerna Sharma and Diwaker Sharma
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 Basic Outcomes 63
4.3 Direct Results 65
4.4 Discussion 73
Disclaimer 73
References 73
5 Solution of Pollutant Dispersion in Porous Medium Under Linear Sorption Using Finite Element Method 75
Rashmi Radha, Tapan Paul, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Nav Kumar Mahato and Mritunjay Kumar Singh
5.1 Introduction 76
5.2 Mathematical Formulation 77
5.3 Numerical Derivation of the Proposed Model Problem by FEM Method 79
5.4 Analytical Derivation of the Proposed Model Equation 81
5.5 Results and Discussion 83
5.6 Conclusion 87
References 88
6 A Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Database Models in Handling Imprecise Queries 91
Doyel Sarkar and Sharmistha Ghosh
6.1 Introduction 92
6.2 Basic Definitions 93
6.3 Processing Imprecise Query using Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Sets 94
6.4 Results and Discussion 98
6.5 Concluding Remarks 98
References 99
7 Tweaked Portfolio Estimation Regarding Indian Securities Exchange: An Empirical Study 101
Abhijit Biswas and Meghdoot Ghosh
7.1 Introduction 102
7.2 Literature Review in Financial Market 102
7.3 Method 103
7.4 Results 107
7.5 Discussion 116
References 116
8 Fixed Point Results Related to Graph Theory 117
Aditya Bhattacharya, -zen -zer, Sonendra Gupta, Ramakant Bhardwaj and Sonam
8.1 Introduction 117
8.2 Preliminaries 118
8.3 Main Results 119
References 128
9 Unleashing GPT-3¢s Potential in Automatic Text Generation: A Comprehensive Study and Analysis 131
Rejuwan Shamim and Biswadip Basu Mallik
9.1 Introduction 132
9.2 Literature Review 133
9.3 Methodology 135
9.4 Evaluation Metrics 140
9.5 Experimental Results 143
9.6 Discussion 147
9.7 Exploration of the Strengths and Weaknesses of GPT-3 for Automatic Text Generation 148
Conclusion 150
References 151
10 Optimization Techniques and Their Applications in Science and Engineering 153
Ravi Kiran Bagadi, Eali Stephen Neal Joshua, T. Pavankumar, S. NagaMallik Raj and Debnath Bhattacharyya
10.1 Introduction 154
10.2 Related Work 159
10.3 Metaheuristic Optimization Techniques 167
10.4 Multi-Objective Optimization 172
10.5 Stochastic Optimization 176
10.6 Robust Optimization 180
10.7 Applications of Robust Optimization in Science and Engineering 182
10.8 Applications of Optimization Techniques in Science and Engineering 183
10.9 Challenges and Future Directions in Optimization 189
Conclusion 194
References 195
11 On Sum 3-Equitable Labeling of Some Graphs 197
Sarang Sadawarte and Sweta Srivastav
11.1 Introduction 197
11.2 Terminology and Notation 198
11.3 Results 199
11.4 Conclusions and Perspectives 205
References 205
12 An Application of Invariant Point Theory in G-Metric Spaces with Special Emphasis on Alpha-Psi Contraction 207
Samriddhi Ghosh, Sonam, Deb Sarkar, Poulami Halder and Ramakant Bhardwaj
12.1 Introduction 207
12.2 Elementaries 210
12.3 Main Result 211
Acknowledgement 216
Collision of Interest 216
References 217
13 Fixed Point Results for Compatible Mapping of Type (±) in Fuzzy Metric Spaces 219
Poulami Halder, Samriddhi Ghosh, Ramakant Bhardwaj, Sonam and Satyendra Narayan
13.1 Introduction 219
13.2 Preliminaries 220
13.3 Compatible Mappings of Type (±) 222
13.4 Main Results 223
Acknowledgement 229
Conflict of Interest 229
References 229
14 Combined Matrices Associated with Soft Digraphs 231
Bobin George, Jinta Jose and Rajesh K. Thumbakara
14.1 Introduction 231
14.2 Soft Digraphs 232
14.3 Combined Adjacency Matrix of a Soft Digraph 234
14.4 Combined Incidence Matrix of a Soft Digraph 236
14.5 Conclusion 238
References 238
15 Refining Medical Text Query Responses: Tailoring Hugging Face¢s BERT Model for Precise and Swift Medical Question Answering 241
Rejuwan Shamim, Badria Sulaiman Alfurhood and Biswadip Basu Mallik
15.1 Introduction 242
15.2 Related Work 244
15.3 Methodology 248
15.4 Result 253
15.5 Strengths and Weaknesses of the Fine-Tuned BERT Model 255
15.6 Applications 257
15.7 Conclusion 258
References 260
16 Machine Learning Mathematics: A Study on Concepts of Processing Knowledge 263
Prasad Kaviti, Eali Stephen Neal Joshua, N. Venkatram, Dinesh Reddy and Debnath Bhattacharyya
16.1 Introduction 264
16.2 Mathematical Concepts in Machine Learning 264
16.3 Conclusion 299
Disclaimer 299
References 299
17 Nature-Inspired Algorithms to Optimize the Hyper-Parameters of Deep-Learning Networks for Diagnosing Brain Disorders ¢" A Review 301
Manoj Kumar Sharma, M. Shamim Kaiser and Kanad Ray
17.1 Introduction 302
17.2 Literature Review 303
17.3 Applications 307
17.4 Challenges and Future Directions 309
17.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 312
References 312
18 YOLOv8 for Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videos: Advanced Techniques for Identifying and Mitigating Abnormal Events 317
Rejuwan Shamim, Badria Sulaiman Alfurhood, Trapty Agarwal and Biswadip Basu Mallik
18.1 Introduction 318
18.2 Overview of YOLOv8 and its Advantages in Object Detection 319
18.3 Related Work 321
18.4 YOLOv8 Architecture 324
18.5 Dataset Preparation 327
18.6 Training YOLOv8 for Anomaly Detection 330
18.7 Evaluation Metrics 332
18.8 Results and Discussion 334
18.9 Conclusion 343
References 346
19 Linear Stability and Resonance of Oblate Infinitesimal in the Nearby Region of Triangular Equilibrium Points for Triaxial Primaries in the Elliptic Restricted Three Body Problem 351
Shilpi Dewangan, A. Narayan and Poonam Duggad
19.1 Introduction 352
19.2 Equation of Motion 353
19.3 Position of Triangular Equilibrium Points 355
19.4 Normalization at Hamiltonian for Stability of First Order 356
19.5 Resonance Cases 366
19.6 Conclusion 368
References 370
20 Magnetic Nanofluid Flow with Micro¢Organisms and Viscous Dissipation 373
Shweta Mishra, Sharmistha Ghosh and Hiranmoy Mondal
Nomenclature 374
20.1 Introduction 375
20.2 Mathematical Exploration 376
20.3 Similarity Transformation 378
20.4 Heat-Mass Transferal 379
20.5 Discussion of Results 380
20.6 Conclusion 384
References 384
21 The Application of Deep Learning to the Localization of Brain Tumors 387
Charanarur Panem, Srinivasa Rao Gundu, J. Vijaylaxmi and Biswadip Basu Mallik
21.1 Introduction 388
21.2 Proposed Method 389
21.3 Conclusion 395
Acknowledgement 395
References 395
22 Contextual Information Retrieval using Root Word Stemming in Indian Languages 397
Chandamita Nath and Bhairab Sarma
22.1 Introduction 397
22.2 Literature Review 399
22.3 Problem Statement 399
22.4 Experimental Work 400
22.5 Conclusion and Future Work 402
Disclaimer 403
References 404
23 Recent Advances in Object Detection Based on YOLO-V 4 and Faster RCNN: A Review 405
Anwesa Das, Atanu Nandi and Ishani Deb
23.1 Introduction 406
23.2 Literature Review 407
23.3 Proposed Methodology 409
23.4 Result and Discussion 413
23.5 Conclusion 416
References 417
24 Detection of Leukemia Using Transfer Learning 419
Biplab Kanti Das, Chanchal Ghosh, Joydeb Sheet and Himadri Sekhar Dutta
24.1 Introduction 420
24.2 Literature Survey 421
24.3 Dataset 423
24.4 Proposed Methodology 424
24.5 Pre-Processing of Image 425
24.6 Deep Learning Model Generation 426
24.7 Classification 430
24.8 Results and Analysis 430
24.9 Conclusion and Future Direction 434
References 434
25 IoMT ¢" An ML-Based Patient Monitoring System with Prediction of Health Condition 437
Kakali Das, Sagnik Ghosh and Himadri Sekhar Dutta
25.1 Introduction 438
25.2 System Architecture 440
25.3 Machine Learning Algorithm 443
25.4 Results and Discussion 444
25.5 Conclusion 449
References 449
26 Eulerian Soft Graphs 453
Jinta Jose, Bobin George and Rajesh K. Thumbakara
26.1 Introduction 453
26.2 Soft Graphs 454
26.3 Eulerian Soft Graphs 454
26.4 Conclusion 460
References 461
27 An Algorithm to Solve an Exponential Diophantine Equation 463
Subramani K. and Srinivasa Prasanna
27.1 Introduction 464
27.2 Example 466
27.3 Conclusion 475
Acknowledgements 475
References 475
28 Optimal Number of Emergency Facility and Its Positioning Using Nature-Based Algorithm: A Case of Mumbai City 477
K.V. Ajaygopal and Rakesh Verma
28.1 Introduction 478
28.2 Literature Review 479
28.3 Real-Life Application 484
28.4 Results and Discussion 487
28.5 Conclusion 489
References 490
Appendix 492
29 Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm-Based Propagation Delay Estimation in Transmission Path of UWASN 501
A. Kannappan and R.M. Bommi
29.1 Introduction 502
29.2 General Biology Behavior of Chicken Swarm 503
29.3 Chicken Swarm Pseudocode 506
29.4 Results and Discussion 507
29.5 Conclusion 508
References 509
30 Frequency Analysis of Coreference Resolution 513
Mridusmita Das and Apurbalal Senapati
30.1 Introduction 514
30.2 Existing Literature 515
30.3 Resource Building for the English and Assamese Languages 517
30.4 Description of the Data Sets 517
30.5 Frequency Analysis of Coreference Relations 518
30.6 Experiment and Result 520
30.7 Conclusion 520
References 520
31 Hate Neologism in Election Context in India 523
Sujit Das and Apurbalal Senapati
31.1 Introduction 524
31.2 Related Work 525
31.3 Corpus Creation 526
31.4 Methodology 528
31.5 Result 529
31.6 Conclusion 530
References 530
Index 533
