| Structure, Properties, Challenges and Architecture of Very Large Information Systems | |
| Very Large Information System Challenge | p. 3 |
| Background | p. 3 |
| Complexity of Very Large Information Systmes | p. 5 |
| Properties of Very Large Information Systems | p. 9 |
| Strategic Approaches for Very Large Information Systems | p. 14 |
| Opportunistic Approach | p. 17 |
| Replacement Approach | p. 19 |
| Greenfield Approach | p. 22 |
| The Core Idea of Managed Evolution | p. 23 |
| Elements of Managed Evolution | p. 30 |
| Where to Start with Managed Evolution | p. 32 |
| Architecture Management | p. 35 |
| What is IT Architecture and Why Is It Important to Managed Evolution | p. 35 |
| Architecture Principles | p. 37 |
| Architecture Layers and Models | p. 39 |
| Business Architecture | p. 42 |
| Technical Architecture | p. 45 |
| Technical Architecture | p. 57 |
| Vertical Architectures | p. 60 |
| Architecture As an Activity: The Architecture Process | p. 65 |
| Architecture Organization: Federated Architecture Process | p. 71 |
| Integration Architecture | p. 79 |
| Enabling Managed Evolution | p. 79 |
| Challenges for Integration Architecture | p. 81 |
| Composing Systems from Components | p. 83 |
| Functional Composition | p. 84 |
| Desktop Integration | p. 85 |
| Process Orchestration | p. 86 |
| Layering Components | p. 86 |
| Choosing the Right Interfaces | p. 91 |
| Adequate Degree of Coupling | p. 92 |
| Adequate Integration Scope | p. 94 |
| Avoid Redundancy | p. 95 |
| Formal Syntax and Rich Semantics | p. 96 |
| Adequate Granularity and Reuse | p. 99 |
| Bridging Technical Heterogeneity and Network Distance | p. 100 |
| Use Industry Standards Where Applicable | p. 101 |
| Interfaces and Service Contracts | p. 102 |
| Interfaces and Services | p. 103 |
| Non-Functional Properties of Services | p. 106 |
| Contracts as Active Relationships | p. 107 |
| Service Versioning | p. 109 |
| Service Management Process | p. 111 |
| Service Delivery Infrastructure | p. 116 |
| Consuming Foreign Services | p. 119 |
| Evolutionary Decomposition of Monolithic Systems | p. 124 |
| Infrastructure | |
| Managed Evolution of Infrastructure | p. 129 |
| Technology Portfolio | p. 131 |
| Platforms | p. 138 |
| Platform Concept | p. 138 |
| Platforms as Infrastructure Service Providers | p. 139 |
| Application Development Support Processes | p. 141 |
| Platforms Operation Processes | p. 142 |
| Platform Management Processes | p. 146 |
| Application Platforms and Runtime Platforms | p. 148 |
| Operations | p. 152 |
| Operational Challenges of Managed Evolution | p. 153 |
| Componentization for Operations | p. 153 |
| Autonomic Computing | p. 155 |
| Configuration Management Database | p. 158 |
| Organization and Management Processes for Execution of Managed Evolution | |
| Business-IT Alignment | p. 163 |
| Managed Evolution and Business-IT Alignment | p. 163 |
| Limitations of Hierarchical IT Governance | p. 167 |
| Matching Roles: Balance of Power | p. 168 |
| Governance Models for Project Portfolio Management | p. 173 |
| Business-IT Alignment Processes | p. 178 |
| Strategic Business-IT Alignment Process | p. 178 |
| Project Portfolio Management Process | p. 183 |
| Project Management Process | p. 185 |
| People, Culture and Organization | p. 187 |
| People and Skills | p. 187 |
| Culture and Values | p. 192 |
| IT Organization | p. 196 |
| IT Organization Embedding | p. 196 |
| Interaction of IT Functions | p. 198 |
| Strengthening system-Wide Consistency Through Organization | p. 201 |
| Measuring the Managed Evolution | p. 203 |
| Introduction | p. 203 |
| Measuring Change Drivers and Enablers | p. 205 |
| Measuring System Properties | p. 210 |
| Measuring Managed Evolution Strategy | p. 216 |
| Impact Factors and Agility | p. 224 |
| Summary, Conclusions and Outlook | |
| Conclusions and Outlook | p. 229 |
| Summary of Key Points | p. 229 |
| Outlook | p. 232 |
| References | p. 235 |
| Glossary | p. 247 |
| Abbreviations | p. 257 |
| Index | p. 259 |
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