Making Schools Work

Contents Foreword ?xiii Acknowledgments ?xvii 1. ?Why Now? ?1 Looking Ahead ?5 2. ?The Science of Success ?7 At a Glance ?7 Introduction ?7 The How of Learning ?11 What Children Learn: A Breadth-of-Skills Approach Through the 6 Cs ?24 Where the How Meets the What of Learning ?31 3. ?Case Study 1: The 6 Cs Go to an Independent School in Pennsylvania ?34 At a Glance ?34 Introduction ?34 A Theme-Based Approach as One Embodiment of the 6 Cs System ?38 Themes, the 6 Cs, and the Principles of Playful Learning ?48 4. ?Case Study 2: Designing for Equity in a Michigan School District ?49 At a Glance ?49 Introduction ?50 Using Human-Centered Design After Exploring the Underlying Barriers ?52 Results: The System Shifts Toward Success for All ?67 Next Steps to Intensify Learning ?68 Slow Down to Speed Up ?69 5. ?Case Study 3: Statewide Scale-Up of Playful Learning in New Hampshire Kindergarten Classrooms ?71 At a Glance ?71 Introduction ?71 Motivation for Change ?73 Evidence-Based Approach for Change ?74 Impacts and Outcomes ?80 Guided Play in COVID-19 Classrooms ?83 Further Investment in Guided Play and Coaching ?83 Conclusion ?85 Chapter 5 Supplemental Resources ?86 6. ?Bringing It Home: Adapting the Model for Your School ?97 Step 1: Get Buy-In ?101 Step 2: Educate ?101 Step 3: Co-Design ?102 Step 4: Try It Out ?103 Step 5: Broaden Your Scope ?103 Step 6: Assess How It Is Going ?104 Step 7: Home and School ?105 Step 8: Have a School- or Grade-Wide Conclusion ?105 7. ?Authentic Assessment to Support the Science of Learning ?106 At a Glance ?106 Introduction ?106 Motivation: Why Engage in Assessment? ?107 Measurement of the Knowledge and Skills That Matter ?108 Developmentally Appropriate Assessment ?109 Summative and Formative Assessment ?110 There Is More Than One Type of Authentic Assessment ?115 Clantete: Using Authentic Assessment to Support the 6 Cs ?122 Radnor Middle School: Authentic Assessment to Support Student Learning ?123 Conclusion ?124 8. ?Jumping Over School Walls: The 6 Cs and Learning Principles Are Everywhere ?125 At a Glance ?125 Introduction ?125 Enter Playful Learning Landscapes: Informal Learning at Its Best ?126 Media: The Learning Principles and the 6 Cs Work Here, Too ?129 Conclusion ?134 9. ?Re-Imagining Education at Your School ?135 Introduction ?136 The 6 Cs Prepare Students for Success ?136 How Can We Help Children Remember What They Learn So That It Is Sticky? ?138 How Do We Teach in a Way That Supports Transfer? ?139 How Do We Move From the "Memorize and Spit-It-Out-on-the-Test" Model to One in Which Students Are More Engaged in Their Learning? ?139 Appendix A: Visual Chapter Synopses ?145 Appendix B: Recommendations for Further Study ?159 References ?163 Index ?179 About the Authors ?185