Machine Ethics and Robot Ethics

Acknowledgments -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- Appendix 1: The Future of Life Institute: Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence: An Open Letter -- Appendix 2: Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence -- Part I: Laying foundations -- 1 Clarke, Roger. (1993). "Asimov's laws of robotics: Implications for information technology (1)." IEEE Computer, 26(12), 53-61 -- 2 Clarke, Roger. (1994). "Asimov's laws of robotics: Implications for information technology (2)." IEEE Computer, 227(1), 57-66 -- 3 Allen, Colin, Gary Varner, & Jason Zinser. (2000). "Prolegomena to any future artificial moral agent." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 12, 251-261 -- 4 Nissenbaum, Helen. (2001). "How computer systems embody values." Computer, 34(3), 118-119 -- 5 Bostrom, Nick. (2003). "The ethical issues of advanced artificial intelligence." Paper presented at the IIAS 2003, Baden Baden, GE. In Smit, S., Wallach, W., and Lasker, L. (eds.) Cognitive, Emotive and Ethical Aspects of Decision Making in Humans and in Artificial Intelligence, Vol 11, IIAS, pp. 12-17 -- Part II: Robot ethics -- 6 Veruggio, Gianmarco, & Fiorella Operto. (2006). "Roboethics: A bottom-up interdisciplinary discourse in the field of applied ethics in robotics." International Review of Information Ethics, 6, 2-8 -- 7 Asaro, Peter. (2006). "What should we want from a robot ethic?" International Review of Information Ethics, 6, 10-16 -- 8 Sparrow, Robert. (2004). "The Turing triage test." Ethics and Information Technology, 6.4, 203-213 -- 9 Turkle, Sherry. (2006). "A nascent robotics culture: New complicities for companionship." American Association for Artificial Intelligence AAAI -- 10 Coeckelbergh, Mark. (2010). "Moral appearances: Emotions, robots, and human morality." Ethics and Information Technology, 12.3, 235-241 -- 11 Borenstein, Jason, & Yvette Pearson. (2010). "Robot caregivers: Harbingers of expanded freedom for all?" Ethics and Information Technology, 12.3, 277-288 -- 12 Vallor, Shannon. (2011). "Carebots and caregivers: Sustaining the ethical ideal of care in the twenty-first century." Philosophy & Technology, 24.3, 251-268 -- 13 Sharkey, Noel, & Amanda Sharkey. (2010). "The crying shame of robot nannies: an ethical appraisal." Interaction Studies, 11.2, 161-190 -- 14 van Wynsberghe, Aimee. (2013). "Designing robots for care: Care centered value-sensitive design." Science and Engineering Ethics, 19.2, 407-433 -- 15 Sullins, John P. (2012). "Robots, love, and sex: The ethics of building a love machine." Affective Computing, IEEE Transactions, 3.4, 398-409 -- 16 Malle, Bertram, & Matthias Scheutz. (2014). "Moral competence in social robots." IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology, Chicago -- Part III: Machine ethics -- 17 Moor, James H. (2006). "The nature, importance, and difficulty of machine ethics." Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 21.4, 18-21 -- 18 Anderson, Michael, & Susan Leigh Anderson. (2007). "Machine ethics: Creating an ethical intelligent agent." AI Magazine, 28.4, 15-26 -- 19 Wallach, Wendell, Colin Allen, & Iva Smit. (2008). "Machine morality: Bottom-up and top-down approaches for modelling human moral faculties." AI & Society, 22.4, 565-582 -- 20 McDermott, Drew. (2008). "Why ethics is a high hurdle for AI." North American Conference on Computing and Philosophy. Bloomington, Indiana -- 21 Powers, Thomas M. (2006). "Prospects for a Kantian machine." Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 21.4, 46-51 -- 22 Guarini, Marcello. (2005). "Particularism and generalism: How AI can help us to better understand moral cognition." Machine Ethics: Papers from the 2005 AAAI Fall Symposium -- 23 Bringsjord, Selmer, Konstantine Arkoudas, & Paul Bello. (2006). "Toward a general logicist methodology for engineering ethically correct robots." IEEE Intelligent Systems, 21(4), 38-44 -- 24 Wallach, Wendell, Colin Allen, & Stan Franklin. (2011). "Consciousness and ethics: Artificially conscious moral agents." International Journal of Machine Consciousness, 3.01, 177-192 -- Part IV: Moral agents and agency -- 25 Floridi, Luciano, & Jeff W. Sanders. (2004). "On the morality of artificial agents." Minds and Machines, 14.3, 349-379 -- 26 Johnson, Deborah G., & Keith W. Miller. (2008). "Un-making artificial moral agents." Ethics and Information Technology, 10.2-3, 123-133 -- 27 Suchman, Lucy. (2007). "Agencies in technology design: Feminist reconfigurations." In Hackett, Edward J., Olga Amsterdamska, Michael E. Lynch, & Judy Wajcman (eds.) The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, third edition, excerpt from pp. 139-163 -- 28 Marino, Dante, & Guglielmo Tamburrini. (2006). "Learning robots and human responsibility." International Review of Information Ethics, 6, 46-51 -- 29 Torrance, Steve. (2014). "Artificial consciousness and artificial ethics: Between realism and social relationism." Philosophy & Technology, 27.1, 9-29 -- 30 Murphy, Robin R., & David D. Woods. (2009). "Beyond Asimov: The three laws of responsible robotics." Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 24.4, 14-20 -- Part V: Law and policy -- 31 Solum, Lawrence. (1992). "Legal personhood for artificial intelligences." North Carolina Law Review, 70, 1231-1287 -- 32 Nagenborg, Michael, et al. (2008). "Ethical regulations on robotics in Europe." Ai & Society, 22.3, 349-366 -- 33 Calo, M. Ryan. (2010). "Robots and privacy." Robot Ethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics, 187-204 -- 34 Lin, Patrick. "The robot car of tomorrow may just be programmed to hit you." Wired Magazine, May 6, 2014 -- 35 Gunkel, David J. (2014). "A vindication of the rights of machines." Philosophy & Technology, 27, 113-132 -- Index.