Interlanguage Refusals

A Cross-cultural Study of Japanese-English

By: Noel Houck, Susan M. Gass

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Hardcover | 3 May 1999

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276 Pages

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22

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17

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24.13 x 17.15 x 1.91

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Language acquisition is a human endeavor par excellence. As children, all human beings learn to understand and speak at least one language: their mother tongue. It is a process that seems to take place without any obvious effort. Second language learning, particularly among adults, causes more difficulty. The purpose of this series is to compile a collection of high-quality monographs on language acquisition. The series serves the needs of everyone who wants to know more about the problem of language acquisition in general and/or about language acquisition in specific contexts.

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Acknowledgements	p. v
The study of refusals	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Refusals	p. 2
Possible refusal trajectories	p. 3
Categorizing refusal responses	p. 7
Identifying refusal features	p. 7
Classification systems	p. 10
Studies of refusals	p. 15
Issues of methodology	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Data collection	p. 23
Discourse completion tests	p. 26
Role play	p. 28
Other methodology comparisons	p. 30
Video data	p. 34
Data-base	p. 34
Analysis of interactional aspects -- Effect of open role play	p. 36
Quantitative analysis	p. 37
Qualitative analysis: Classifying the data	p. 38
Analysis of nonverbal aspects -- Effect of video	p. 43
Nonverbal messages	p. 44
Physical context	p. 46
Directionality and intensity of attention	p. 47
Affect	p. 49
Disadvantages	p. 50
Conclusion	p. 51
Episodes	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
The episode	p. 56
A complete refusal sequence	p. 59
Analysis	p. 66
Quantitative analysis	p. 67
Qualitative analysis	p. 68
Interpretation	p. 78
Conclusion	p. 79
Non-native management of back channels in English refusals	p. 81
Introduction	p. 81
Back channels	p. 82
Head movement	p. 86
Japanese and English nonverbal indicators	p. 91
Issues of methodology	p. 93
Analysis	p. 93
Ability	p. 94
Distribution: High frequency contexts	p. 97
Distribution: A low frequency context	p. 98
Problems	p. 101
Conclusion	p. 106
Nonverbal behavior in non-native English refusals	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
Nonverbal behavior	p. 108
Strategic uses of nonverbal behavior	p. 109
Cross-cultural differences in nonverbal behavior	p. 110
The data	p. 112
Comparison of non-native speakers' nonverbal behavior	p. 118
Rie's nonverbal behavior	p. 119
Ryo's nonverbal behavior	p. 120
Mie's nonverbal behavior	p. 121
Comparison of nonverbal activity of the three non-native speakers	p. 128
Conclusion	p. 129
Pragmatic communication strategies	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Communication strategies	p. 132
Pragmatic communication strategies	p. 135
Questions	p. 139
General results	p. 139
Question one: Outcomes	p. 139
Question two: Refusal orientation	p. 140
Question three: Strategies	p. 143
Japanese pragmatic communication strategies	p. 143
Bluntness	p. 144
Indications of linguistic or sociocultural inadequacy	p. 146
Use of the L1	p. 149
Sequential shifts in goal, semantic formula, or content	p. 150
Nonverbal expressions of affect	p. 154
Conclusion	p. 154
Searching for common ground	p. 157
Conversational expectations	p. 157
Refusal structure	p. 163
Getting the interaction back "on track"	p. 163
Requests for reasons	p. 165
Unacceptable moves	p. 166
Establishing propositions "in play"	p. 167
Conclusion	p. 171
Language use and language learning	p. 173
Introduction	p. 173
Second language acquisition, negotiation of meaning and negative evidence	p. 174
Interaction hypothesis	p. 176
Language knowledge	p. 180
Specific kinds of evidence	p. 183
Availability of evidence	p. 186
Attention and noticing	p. 188
Interlanguage pragmatics	p. 196
The development of pragmatic knowledge	p. 196
Negotiation of meaning	p. 200
Conclusion	p. 201
Epilogue	p. 203
Appendices
Appendix I	p. 207
Appendix II	p. 209
Appendix III	p. 211
Notes	p. 217
References	p. 227
Subject index	p. 247
Author index	p. 261
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

Interlanguage Refusals

A Cross-cultural Study of Japanese-English

At a Glance

Hardcover

Shipping

How to return your order

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