| Getting Started | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 2 |
| Program Development Software | p. 2 |
| A C++ Program | p. 6 |
| Use of Functions | p. 10 |
| Fundamental Data Types | p. 15 |
| Functions with Parameters and Return Values | p. 18 |
| Summary | p. 21 |
| Bibliography | p. 22 |
| Parallel Port Basics and Interfacing | p. 23 |
| Introduction | p. 24 |
| What is the Parallel Port? | p. 24 |
| Data Representation | p. 30 |
| Program Demonstrating Hexadecimal to Decimal | p. 32 |
| Summary | p. 33 |
| Bibliography | p. 33 |
| Testing the Parallel Port | p. 35 |
| Introduction | p. 36 |
| Interface Board Power Supply | p. 36 |
| Parallel Port Interface | p. 39 |
| Basic Output Using the Parallel Port | p. 43 |
| Basic Input Using the Parallel Port | p. 46 |
| Compensating for Internal Inversions | p. 50 |
| Summary | p. 55 |
| Bibliography | p. 56 |
| The Object-Oriented Approach | p. 57 |
| Introduction | p. 58 |
| Conceptual and Physically Realisable Objects | p. 58 |
| Real Objects | p. 59 |
| Object Classes | p. 61 |
| Encapsulation | p. 63 |
| Abstract Classes | p. 64 |
| Class Hierarchies | p. 64 |
| Inheritance | p. 65 |
| Multiple Inheritance | p. 66 |
| Polymorphism | p. 66 |
| An Example Object Hierarchy | p. 67 |
| Advantages of Object-Oriented Programming | p. 72 |
| Disadvantages of Object-Oriented Programming | p. 72 |
| Summary | p. 73 |
| Bibliography | p. 73 |
| Object-Oriented Programming | p. 75 |
| Introduction | p. 76 |
| Naming Convention | p. 76 |
| Developing an Object Class | p. 77 |
| Parallel Port Class - Stage I | p. 82 |
| Using Class Objects in Programs | p. 87 |
| Parallel Port Class - Stage II | p. 94 |
| Parallel Port Class - Stage III | p. 99 |
| Summary | p. 103 |
| Bibliography | p. 103 |
| Digital-to-Analog Conversion | p. 105 |
| Introduction | p. 106 |
| Digital-to-Analog Conversion | p. 106 |
| Programming the Digital-to-Analog Converter | p. 117 |
| Derivation of Object Classes | p. 121 |
| Adding Members to Derived Classes | p. 129 |
| Summary | p. 145 |
| Bibliography | p. 146 |
| Driving Leds | p. 147 |
| Introduction | p. 148 |
| Iterative Loops | p. 148 |
| Branching | p. 152 |
| Arrays | p. 157 |
| Pointers | p. 160 |
| Using Pointers | p. 175 |
| Macros | p. 184 |
| Dynamic Memory Allocation | p. 185 |
| Exception Handling | p. 189 |
| Summary | p. 194 |
| Bibliography | p. 195 |
| Driving Motors - DC & Stepper | p. 197 |
| Introduction | p. 198 |
| DC Motors | p. 198 |
| Stepper Motors | p. 202 |
| A Class Hierarchy for Motors | p. 211 |
| Virtual Functions - An Introduction | p. 212 |
| Virtual Functions - Application | p. 233 |
| Keyboard Controls | p. 256 |
| Summary | p. 270 |
| Bibliography | p. 271 |
| Program Development Techniques | p. 273 |
| Introduction | p. 274 |
| Efficient Coding Techniques | p. 274 |
| Modular Programs | p. 282 |
| Case Study - Motor Driver Program | p. 289 |
| Summary | p. 302 |
| Bibliography | p. 302 |
| Voltage and Temperature Measurement | p. 303 |
| Introduction | p. 304 |
| Converting a Voltage to a Digital Pulse-train | p. 304 |
| Temperature Measurement | p. 305 |
| The Object Class VCO | p. 306 |
| Measuring Voltages Using the VCO | p. 311 |
| Graphics Programming - Square Wave Display | p. 318 |
| Temperature Measurement | p. 324 |
| Summary | p. 328 |
| Bibliography | p. 329 |
| Analog-to-Digital Conversion | p. 331 |
| Introduction | p. 332 |
| Analog-to-Digital Conversion | p. 332 |
| Conversion Techniques | p. 334 |
| Measuring Voltages with an ADC | p. 341 |
| An Object Clas sfor the ADC | p. 347 |
| Measuring Voltage Using the ADC | p. 356 |
| Measuring Temperature Using the ADC | p. 359 |
| Summary | p. 362 |
| Bibliography | p. 362 |
| Data Acquisition with Operator Overloading | p. 363 |
| Introduction | p. 364 |
| Operator Overloading | p. 364 |
| Data Acquisition | p. 393 |
| Summary | p. 397 |
| Bibliography | p. 397 |
| The PC Timer | p. 399 |
| Introduction | p. 400 |
| PC Timer System | p. 400 |
| Programming the Timer | p. 408 |
| The Object Class PCTimer | p. 409 |
| Measurement of Time | p. 415 |
| Reflex Measurement | p. 417 |
| Generating a Time-Base | p. 419 |
| Data Acquisition with Timestamp | p. 423 |
| Summary | p. 430 |
| Bibliography | p. 430 |
| Hardware | p. 431 |
| Circuit Construction | p. 432 |
| Interface Board Bill of Materials | p. 476 |
| Software | p. 479 |
| C++ Keywords | p. 480 |
| Operator Precedence | p. 481 |
| ASCII Character Set | p. 482 |
| Index | p. 483 |
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