| Preface | p. vii |
| Digital Signal Processing for Audio and Acoustics | |
| Foundations of Digital Signal Processing for Audio and Acoustics | p. 3 |
| Basics of Digital Signal Processing | p. 3 |
| Discrete Time Signals and Sequences | p. 4 |
| Linear Systems | p. 6 |
| Time-Invariant Systems | p. 6 |
| Linear and Time-Invariant Systems | p. 6 |
| Fourier Transforms | p. 8 |
| Transfer Function Representation | p. 10 |
| The z-Transform | p. 14 |
| Sampling and Reconstruction | p. 16 |
| Ideal Sampling | p. 17 |
| Reconstruction of Continuous Time Signals from Discrete Time Sequences | p. 18 |
| Sampling Rate Reduction by an Integer Factor | p. 19 |
| Increasing the Sampling Rate by an Integer Factor | p. 21 |
| Resampling for Audio Applications | p. 22 |
| Discrete Fourier Transform | p. 23 |
| Bilinear Transform | p. 24 |
| Summary | p. 25 |
| Filter Design for Audio Applications | p. 27 |
| Filter Design Process | p. 27 |
| Desired Response Specification | p. 27 |
| Approximating Error Function | p. 28 |
| FIR Filter Design | p. 28 |
| Linear Phase Filter Design | p. 29 |
| Least Squares FIR Filter Design | p. 29 |
| FIR Windows for Filter Design | p. 30 |
| Adaptive FIR Filters | p. 35 |
| IIR Filter Design | p. 36 |
| All-Pass Filters | p. 37 |
| Butterworth Filters | p. 37 |
| Chebyshev Filters | p. 38 |
| Elliptic Filters | p. 40 |
| Shelving and Parametric Filters | p. 40 |
| Autoregressive or All-Pole Filters | p. 44 |
| Summary | p. 46 |
| Acoustics and Auditory Perception | |
| Introduction to Acoustics and Auditory Perception | p. 49 |
| Sound Propagation | p. 49 |
| Acoustics of a Simple Source in Free-Field | p. 50 |
| Modal Equations for Characterizing Room Acoustics at Low Frequencies | p. 51 |
| Axial, Tangential, Oblique Modes and Eigenfrequencies | p. 53 |
| Reverberation Time of Rooms | p. 54 |
| Room Acoustics from Schroeder Theory | p. 60 |
| Measurement of Loudspeaker and Room Responses | p. 61 |
| Room Response Measurement with Maximum Length Sequence (MLS) | p. 61 |
| Room Response Measurement with Sweep Signals | p. 63 |
| Psychoacoustics | p. 65 |
| Structure of the Ear | p. 65 |
| Loudness Perception | p. 66 |
| Loudness Versus Loudness Level | p. 68 |
| Time Integration | p. 68 |
| Frequency Selectivity of the Ear | p. 70 |
| Summary | p. 72 |
| Immersive Audio Processing | |
| Immersive Audio Synthesis and Rendering Over Loudspeakers | p. 75 |
| Introduction | p. 75 |
| Immersive Audio Synthesis | p. 77 |
| Microphone Signal Synthesis | p. 77 |
| Subjective Evaluation of Virtual Microphone Signals | p. 80 |
| Spot Microphone Synthesis Methods | p. 80 |
| Summary and Future Research Directions | p. 82 |
| Immersive Audio Rendering | p. 83 |
| Rendering Filters for a Single Listener | p. 83 |
| Rendering Filters for Multiple Listeners | p. 87 |
| Simulation Results | p. 94 |
| Summary | p. 96 |
| Multiple Position Room Response Equalization | p. 99 |
| Introduction | p. 100 |
| Background | p. 101 |
| Single-Point Room Response Equalization | p. 102 |
| Multiple-Point (Position) Room Response Equalization | p. 103 |
| Designing Equalizing Filters Using Pattern Recognition | p. 105 |
| Review of Cluster Analysis in Relation to Acoustical Room Responses | p. 105 |
| Fuzzy c-means for Determining the Prototype | p. 105 |
| Cluster Validity Index | p. 107 |
| Multiple Listener Room Equalization with Low Filter Orders | p. 107 |
| Visualization of Room Acoustic Responses | p. 109 |
| The Sammon Map | p. 110 |
| Results | p. 112 |
| The Influence of Reverberation on Room Equalization | p. 121 |
| Image Method | p. 121 |
| RMS Average Filters | p. 121 |
| Results | p. 122 |
| Summary | p. 123 |
| Practical Considerations for Multichannel Equalization | p. 125 |
| Introduction | p. 126 |
| Objective Function-Based Crossover Frequency Selection | p. 130 |
| Phase Interaction Between Noncoincident Loudspeakers | p. 132 |
| The Influence of Phase on the Net Magnitude Response | p. 134 |
| Phase Equalization with All-Pass Filters | p. 134 |
| Second-Order All-Pass Networks | p. 134 |
| Phase Correction with Cascaded All-Pass Filters | p. 136 |
| Results | p. 139 |
| Objective Function-Based Bass Management Filter Parameter Optimization | p. 139 |
| Results | p. 144 |
| Multiposition Bass Management Filter Parameter Optimization | p. 146 |
| Results | p. 147 |
| Spectral Deviation and Time Delay-Based Correction | p. 150 |
| Results for Spectral Deviation and Time Delay-Based Crossover Correction | p. 152 |
| Summary | p. 153 |
| Robustness of Equalization to Displacement Effects: Part I | p. 157 |
| Introduction | p. 157 |
| Room Acoustics for Simple Sources | p. 161 |
| Mismatch Analysis for Spatial Average Equalization | p. 162 |
| Analytic Expression for Mismatch Performance Function | p. 162 |
| Analysis of Equalization Error | p. 165 |
| Results | p. 166 |
| Summary | p. 168 |
| Robustness of Equalization to Displacement Effects: Part II | p. 171 |
| Introduction | p. 171 |
| Modal Equations for Room Acoustics | p. 172 |
| Mismatch Analysis with Spatial Average Equalization | p. 172 |
| Spatial Averaging for Multiple Listener Equalization | p. 172 |
| Equalization Performance Due to Mismatch | p. 173 |
| Results | p. 177 |
| Magnitude Response Spatial Averaging | p. 177 |
| Computation of the Quantum Numbers | p. 178 |
| Theoretical Results | p. 180 |
| Validation | p. 181 |
| Magnitude Response Single-Listener Equalization | p. 183 |
| Summary | p. 185 |
| Selective Audio Signal Cancellation | p. 187 |
| Introduction | p. 187 |
| Traditional Methods for Acoustic Signal Cancellation | p. 189 |
| Passive Techniques | p. 189 |
| Active Techniques | p. 190 |
| Parametric Loudspeaker Array | p. 191 |
| Eigenfilter Design for Conflicting Listener Environments | p. 191 |
| Background | p. 191 |
| Determination of the Eigenfilter | p. 192 |
| Theoretical Properties of Eigenfilters | p. 195 |
| Results | p. 198 |
| Eigenfilter Performance as a Function of Filter Order M | p. 198 |
| Performance Sensitivity as a Function of the Room Response Duration | p. 202 |
| Summary | p. 205 |
| References | p. 209 |
| Index | p. 213 |
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