PREFACE vii
INTRODUCTION xi
CHAPTER 1. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 1
1.1. The concept of information systems 1
1.2. History of the concept of information systems 5
1.2.1. The centralized processing stage (1950s-1960s) 5
1.2.2. The data decentralization stage (1970s-1990s) 6
1.2.3. The interoperability and standardization stage (1990s) 6
1.2.4. The universality and globalization stage (2000 onward) 7
1.3. What is "digital" technology? 9
1.4. Information systems and digital technology for business 11
1.5. Key points 15
CHAPTER 2. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 17
2.1. Historical overview 18
2.2. Knowledge Management: two dominant approaches 20
2.2.1. The technological approach 21
2.2.2. The managerial and sociotechnical approach to KM 22
2.3. Specific management principles for KM 23
2.3.1. Definition of Knowledge Management 24
2.3.2. The organizational context 24
2.3.3. The vision 26
2.3.4. Guiding principles 27
2.3.5. Ad hoc infrastructures 28
2.3.6. Generic KM processes 31
2.3.7. Methods and tools for KM 34
2.4. A model for general knowledge management within the enterprise (MGKME) 36
2.4.1. Description of the MGKME 36
2.4.2. State indicators for knowledge management systems 40
2.5. Conclusions 42
2.6. Key points 43
CHAPTER 3. THE ENTERPRISE'S INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM (EIKS) 45
3.1. Basic theories 45
3.1.1. Three fundamental postulates 45
3.1.2. Creation of individual and tacit knowledge 47
3.1.3. Commensurability of interpretative frameworks 50
3.1.4. Conditions in which knowledge can be assimilated to an object 50
3.2. The enterprise's information and knowledge system 52
3.3. A knowledge system is not a knowledge-based system 54
3.4. Evolution of an EIKS 59
3.5. Representative example of an EIKS 59
3.5.1. Presentation of the context 60
3.5.2. EIKS in this context 61
3.6. Key points 63
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 65
APPENDIX. SEVEN GOLDEN RULES FOR SUCCESSFUL KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 69
BIBLIOGRAPHY 75
INDEX 83
