Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures

Contents

* Preface * Strengths and Features of This Book * Acknowledgments * Introduction: A Brief History of International Trade * Ancient Period * Colonial Period (1500-1900) * 1900 to the Present * Section I: Overview of International Trade * Chapter 1. Growth and Direction of International Trade * Importance of International Trade to the Global Economy * Determinants of Trade * Volume and Direction of Trade * Important Developments in Trade * Chapter Summary * Chapter 2. International and Regional Agreements Affecting Trade * The GATT and WTO * The North American Free Trade Agreement * The European Economic Community * Chapter Summary * Section II: Export Marketing and Strategy * Chapter 3. Setting Up the Business * Ownership Structure * Business or Trade Name * Bank Accounts, Permits, and Licenses * Location and Use of Professional Services * Organizing for Export: Industry Approach * General Principles of Taxation * Taxation of Export-Import Transactions * Chapter Summary * Chapter 4. Planning and Preparations for Export * Assessing and Selecting the Product * International Market Research * International Market Assessment * Developing an International Business Plan * Export Counseling and Assistance * Overseas Travel and Promotion * Chapter Summary * Chapter 5. Export Channels of Distribution * Distribution Channel Selection * Indirect Channels * Direct Channels * Locating, Contacting, and Evaluating Agents and Distributors * Contracts with Foreign Agents and Distributors (Representatives) * Major Clauses in Representation Agreements * Maintaining and Motivating Overseas Representatives * Chapter Summary * Chapter 6. International Logistics and Transportation * External Influences on Logistics Decisions * Typical Logistics Problems and Solutions * The International Logistics Process * Logistics Functions * Transportation * Chapter Summary * Section III. Executing the Transactions * Chapter 7. Pricing in International Trade * Determinants of Export Prices * Pricing in Export Markets * Terms of Sale * Chapter Summary * Chapter 8. Export Sales Contracts * Harmonization of Contract Law * Pertinent Clauses in Export Contracts * Chapter Summary * Chapter 9. Documentation, Risk, and Insurance * Documentation in Export-Import Trade * Risks in Foreign Trade * Marine and Aviation Insurance * Claims and Procedures * Chapter Summary * Section IV: Payment Terms and Procedures * Chapter 10. Exchange Rates and International Trade * Foreign Exchange Transactions * Protection Against Exchange Rate Risks * Chapter Summary * Chapter 11. Methods of Payment * Consignment Sales * Open Account * Documentary Collection (Documentary Draft) * Documentary Letter of Credit * Cash in Advance * Other Letters of Credit * Chapter Summary * Chapter 12. Countertrade * Origins of Countertrade * Benefits of Countertrade * Theories on Countertrade * Forms of Countertrade * Countertrade and the GATT/WTO * Countertrade and the International Monetary Fund * Governments' Attitude Toward Countertrade * Chapter Summary * Section V: Financing Techniques and Vehicles * Chapter 13. Capital Requirements and Private Sources of Financing * Capital Sources for Export-Import Businesses * Private Sources of Export Financing * Chapter Summary * Chapter 14. Government Export Financing Programs * Export-Import Bank of the United States (Eximbank) * Small Business Administration * Overseas Private Investment Corporation * Private Export Funding Corporation * U.S. Department of Agriculture * Chapter Summary * Section VI: Export Regulations and Tax Incentives * Chapter 15. Regulations and Policies Affecting Exports * Export Licensing and Administration * A