Controlled Nucleosynthesis : Breakthroughs in Experiment and Theory

Breakthroughs in Experiment and Theory

By: Stanislav Adamenko (Editor), Franco Selleri (Editor), Alwyn van der Merwe (Editor)

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Hardcover | 1 November 2007

At a Glance

Hardcover
800 Pages

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23.5 x 16.51 x 5.08

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This book ushers in a new era of experimental and theoretical investigations into collective processes, structure formation, and self-organization of nuclear matter. It reports the results of experiments wherein for the first time the nuclei constituting our world (those displayed in Mendeleev's table as well as the super-heavy ones) have been artificially created. Pioneering breakthroughs are described, achieved at the "Proton-21" Laboratory, Kiev, Ukraine in a variety of new physical and technological directions.

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Non-Fiction Science Physics Nuclear Physics Engineering & Technology Mechanical Engineering & Materials Materials Science Atomic & Molecular Physics Applied Physics Astrophysics Materials & States of Matter

Introduction	p. xiii
Approach to the Problem	p. 1
Prehistory	p. 3
Self-Organizing Nucleosynthesis in Superdense Plasma	p. 19
Synthesis Process as an Instrument for Changing the Inertia of the Interactive Particles Ensemble	p. 20
Main Hypotheses to the Conception of Optimal Conditions for Nuclear Synthesis	p. 25
About the Possible Scenario of the Self-Organizing Nucleo-synthesis in the Collapsing Wave of Nuclear Combustion	p. 35
On the Technical Implementation, Choice of Driver Construction for Shock Compression, and Experimental Testing of the Effectiveness of Approach	p. 47
Experimental Setup	p. 53
Generator Performance	p. 53
Numerical Model of the Setup	p. 58
Construction of the "Pulse Generator-Vacuum Diode" System	p. 60
Results and Conclusions	p. 63
Some Experimental Results	p. 65
Optical Emission of a Hot Dot (HD)	p. 67
Measuring Facilities	p. 67
Results of Measurements and Discussions	p. 68
Conclusions	p. 88
Measurements of X-ray Emission of HD	p. 89
Procedure of Measurements	p. 89
Results and Discussion	p. 93
Comparison of the Spectrum of HD with Those of Compact Astrophysical Objects	p. 97
Conclusions	p. 104
Registration of Fast Particles from the Target Explosion
Introduction	p. 105
Characteristics of the Corpuscular Emission of an HD	p. 111
Procedure of Track Analysis	p. 117
Registration of the Image of HD on Track Detectors in an Ionic Obscure-Chamber and a Magnetic Analyzer	p. 124
Measurements of Tracks with a Thomson Mass Spectrometer	p. 133
Observation of Nuclear Tracks	p. 139
Discussion of the Results and Conclusions	p. 147
Experiments on the Neutralization of Radioactivity	p. 153
Isotope and Element Compositions of Target Explosion Products
Isotope Composition of Explosion Products	p. 163
Isotope Composition of the Residual Atmosphere of the Vacuum Chamber	p. 165
Isotope Composition of Target Explosion Products	p. 172
Element Composition of Explosion Products	p. 214
Element Composition of Explosion Products by Physical Methods	p. 215
Element Composition of Explosion Products by Chemical Methods	p. 252
Main Results and Conclusions	p. 260
Synthesis of Superheavy Elements in the Explosive Experiments	p. 263
On the Detection of Superheavy Elements in Target Explosion Products	p. 265
Discovery of X-Ray and Auger-Radiation Peaks from the Composition of Explosion Products	p. 265
Auger-Electron Spectroscopy	p. 266
Methods of X-Ray Spectrum Analysis	p. 281
Other Experimental Evidences for the Presence of Super-heavy Elements	p. 310
Centralized Track Clusters with Anisotropic Distribution of Tracks	p. 311
Instability of Unidentifiable X-Ray and Auger-Peaks under the Action of an Electron Probe	p. 312
Initialization of High-Energy Nuclear Particle Emission by Low-Energy Beam Irradiation	p. 313
Nonfulfillment of the Energy Balance in the Running Nuclear Transformations from the Composition of Nucleosynthesis Products	p. 315
Divergence of the Amount of a Target Matter with its Observed Amount on the Accumulating Screens	p. 317
Anomalies in the Isotope Composition of the Material of Accumulating Screens	p. 319
Qualitative Differences of the Observed Compositions of a Plasma Bunch and Nucleosynthesis Products Deposited on Accumulating Screens	p. 320
Layers of Anomalous Enrichments in the Accumulating Screens	p. 328
Observation of Unidentifiable Mass-Peaks above 220 amu	p. 338
Study of the Composition of Target Explosion Products by Independent Laboratories	p. 358
Comments to the Official Conclusion of the Concern "Luch", Russia, Regarding the Objects given by our Laboratory for their Study with a Mass-Spectrometer "Finnigan" Mat-262	p. 358
Comments to the Official Conclusion of United Metals LLC, USA, Report Sims-030623	p. 360
Main Results and Conclusions	p. 361
Physical Model and Discovery of Superheavy Transuranium Elements Produced in the Process of Controlled Collapse	p. 363
Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei and Conditions for their Identification	p. 363
Registration of Stable Transuranium Isotopes with Standard Mass-Spectrometry Procedures	p. 365
Identification of X-Ray and Auger Peaks of Superheavy Elements	p. 372
Registration of Superheavy Elements by Rutherford Backscattering	p. 376
Characteristics of Superheavy Nuclei by Rutherford Backscattering	p. 376
Analysis of Experimental Data	p. 383
Induced Decay of Superheavy Nuclei with the Help of a Beam of Oxygen Ions and Upon the Action of Laser Emission	p. 387
Induced Decay of Superheavy Nuclei with the Help of a Beam of Cu Ions	p. 393
Anomalies of the Spatial Distribution of Extrinsic Elements in the Accumulating Screen and the Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei	p. 401
Substantiation and Discussion of Synthesis and Registration of Superheavy Nuclei	p. 404
Preliminary Resume of Obtained Results, Theories, and Physical Models	p. 413
Stability of Electron-Nucleus form of Matter and Methods of Controlled Collapse	p. 415
Controlled Electron-Nucleus Collapse of Matter and Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei	p. 415
General Problems of Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei	p. 415
Problems and Prospects of the Creation of Superheavy Nuclei from Heavy Particles Collisions and With the Help of Pion Condensations	p. 418
Mechanism and Threshold Conditions for Heavy Nuclei Formation in Degenerate Electron Plasma	p. 426
Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei and Formation of a Nuclear Cluster	p. 444
Mechanism of the Nucleosynthesis of Superheavy and Neutron-Deficient Nuclei upon the Sequential Action of the Gravitational and Coulomb Collapses in Astrophysical Objects	p. 457
Basic Reactions in the Collapse of the Electron-Nucleus'System	p. 474
Evolution of Self-Controlled Electron-Nucleus Collapse in Condensed Targets and a Model of Scanning Nucleosynthesis	p. 488
Stability of Matter and the Problem of Collapse under Laboratory Conditions	p. 488
Interaction of the Bounded System of a Degenerate Electron Gas with a Multiply Ionized Target	p. 491
Evolution of a Degenerate Fermi-Gas of Electrons in Condensed Targets in the Presence of a Drift Motion of Electrons	p. 495
Formation and the Motion of a Scanning Spherical Layer of a Degenerate Electron Gas in a Condensed Target	p. 506
Motion of the Ion (Nuclear) Component of a Target in a Scanning Spherical Layer	p. 511
Regularities of the Scanning Synthesis and Peculiarities of the Products of a Collapse	p. 520
Nuclear Combustion and Collective Nucleosynthesis	p. 543
Introduction: Collective Processes of Nucleosynthesis	p. 543
Key Problems of Inertial Nuclear Synthesis	p. 549
Extreme States in Metals: Experimental Results and Limits of Theoretical Models	p. 562
Main Parameters, the Equation of States, and Phase Transitions of a Matter with Extreme Parameters	p. 565
Electron and Pion Condensations in Nuclei: Anomalous Nuclei and Other Exotic Nuclear States	p. 589
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Relations for Many-Particle Systems	p. 597
Nucleosynthesis in Nature and in a Laboratory: Idea of the Processes of Nuclear Combustion of a Substance	p. 600
Conclusions of the Analytic Survey	p. 602
The Theory of Energy Concentration on Nuclear Scales	p. 605
Model of a Relativistic Diode with Plasma Electrodes	p. 606
A Hydrodynamic Theory of Electron Beams and an Anodic Plasma in a Diode	p. 611
Characteristic Features of the Operation of a Relativistic Pulse Diode with Plasma Electrodes and the Excitation of Nonlinear Waves in a Condensed Medium in the One-Fluid Approximation	p. 617
Instabilities of the One-Fluid Flow and the Excitation of a Two-Fluid Flow of the Electron-Nucleus Plasma	p. 641
Two-Fluid Mode upon the Action of a Pulse Electron Beam on a Target	p. 650
Structures in the Electron-Nucleus Plasma and a Mechanism of the Energy Transportation onto the Nuclear Scale	p. 655
Binding Energy of Nuclear Systems and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics	p. 662
Kinetic and Hydrodynamic Equations for the Nuclear Matter: Nonequilibrium Stationary States of Nuclear Particles	p. 666
Influence of Dynamical Polarization on Pycnonuclear Reactions and the Growth of Clusters	p. 675
Binding Energy of Nuclear Structures: A Generalization of the Weizsäcker Formula	p. 694
Active Phase of the Evolution of a Nuclear Cluster in the Form of a System of Shells and the Peculiarities of its Dynamics	p. 709
Scenario of the Development of a Self-Organizing Nucleosynthesis in the Estimates by the Physical Models Presented in this Work	p. 719
Conclusion	p. 735
Epilogue	p. 751
References	p. 753
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Controlled Nucleosynthesis : Breakthroughs in Experiment and Theory

Breakthroughs in Experiment and Theory

At a Glance

Hardcover

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