| Preface | p. xiii |
| Introduction: How to Look at a Play | p. 1 |
| The Four Causes | p. 3 |
| A Case in Point | p. 12 |
| You're the Expert | p. 15 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 16 |
| Structural Components | p. 19 |
| What Is a Play? | p. 21 |
| Play Versus Story | p. 21 |
| What Kind of Story Makes a Play? | p. 23 |
| What Is a Dramatic Action? | p. 23 |
| The Nature of Change: Its Four Levels | p. 26 |
| The Six Elements of a Play | p. 31 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 34 |
| Plot: The Beginning | p. 35 |
| A Plot by Definition | p. 35 |
| Dramatic Action: An Overview | p. 38 |
| The Beginning | p. 40 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 50 |
| Plot: The Middle, the Ending, and Other Matters | p. 52 |
| The Middle | p. 52 |
| The Ending | p. 62 |
| What about Other Kinds of Structures? | p. 63 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 66 |
| Characters | p. 68 |
| The Literal Aspect | p. 68 |
| The Functional Aspect | p. 70 |
| The Connotative (or Symbolic) Aspect | p. 75 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 77 |
| Language | p. 79 |
| Language as a Set of Codes | p. 79 |
| Words as Symbols of Meaning | p. 79 |
| Words as Euphonics | p. 83 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 92 |
| Genres | p. 95 |
| Classic Tragedy | p. 99 |
| What Is the Mood of a Classic Tragedy? | p. 99 |
| What Sort of World or Society Forms the Setting? | p. 100 |
| What Typical Plot Pattern Does a Classic Tragedy Follow? | p. 100 |
| What Characters Appear in a Classic Tragedy? | p. 105 |
| What Kinds of Tragedy Are There? | p. 110 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 111 |
| Classic Comedy | p. 113 |
| What Is the Mood of a Classic Comedy? | p. 113 |
| What Sort of World or Society Forms the Setting? | p. 115 |
| What Typical Plots Does a Classic Comedy Have? | p. 117 |
| What Characters Appear in a Classic Comedy? | p. 124 |
| What Is "Funny"? Sources of Laughter | p. 126 |
| What Kinds of Comedy Are There? | p. 134 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 137 |
| Melodrama | p. 140 |
| What Is the Mood of a Melodrama? | p. 142 |
| What Is the World of a Melodrama? | p. 142 |
| What Typical Plot Patterns Does a Melodrama Use? | p. 143 |
| What Sort of Characters Are Typical? | p. 148 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 153 |
| Farce | p. 155 |
| What Is the Mood of a Farce? | p. 156 |
| What Is the World of a Farce? | p. 157 |
| What Typical Plots Appear in a Farce? | p. 158 |
| What Sort of Characters Appear in Farce? | p. 167 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 170 |
| Alternate Genres | p. 172 |
| Drama | p. 172 |
| Tragicomedy: The Work of Chekov | p. 174 |
| Classifying Subgenres | p. 178 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 182 |
| Styles | p. 183 |
| Realism | p. 191 |
| Background | p. 191 |
| What Are the Concerns of the Author? | p. 195 |
| What Is the Point of View of the Author? | p. 196 |
| How Comprehensible Is the World? | p. 196 |
| How Is the Plot Constructed? | p. 197 |
| What Is the Substance/Texture of the Characters? | p. 199 |
| What Is the Setting? | p. 199 |
| How Is Language Used? | p. 201 |
| What Is the Form? | p. 202 |
| How Does Realism Define the World? | p. 203 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 203 |
| Symbolism | p. 205 |
| Background | p. 205 |
| What Are the Concerns of the Author? | p. 207 |
| What Is the Point of View of the Author? | p. 209 |
| How Comprehensible Is the World? | p. 209 |
| How Is the Plot Constructed? | p. 209 |
| What Is the Substance/Texture of the Characters? | p. 210 |
| What Is the Setting? | p. 211 |
| How Is Language Used? | p. 212 |
| What Is the Form? | p. 215 |
| How Does Symbolism Define the World? | p. 215 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 215 |
| Expressionism | p. 216 |
| Background | p. 216 |
| What Are the Concerns of the Author? | p. 218 |
| What Is the Point of View of the Author? | p. 219 |
| How Comprehensible Is the World? | p. 220 |
| How Is the Plot Constructed? | p. 221 |
| What Is the Substance/Texture of the Characters? | p. 225 |
| What Is the Setting? | p. 226 |
| How Is Language Used? | p. 226 |
| What Is the Form? | p. 228 |
| How Does Expressionism Define the World? | p. 228 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 229 |
| Theater of the Absurd | p. 230 |
| Background | p. 230 |
| What Are the Concerns of the Author? | p. 232 |
| What Is the Point of View of the Author? | p. 235 |
| How Comprehensible Is the World? | p. 235 |
| How Is the Plot Constructed? | p. 236 |
| What Is the Substance/Texture of the Characters? | p. 237 |
| What Is the Setting? | p. 237 |
| How Is Language Used? | p. 238 |
| What Is the Form? | p. 240 |
| How Does Theater of the Absurd Define the World? | p. 240 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 240 |
| Epic Theater | p. 242 |
| Background | p. 242 |
| What Are the Concerns of the Author? | p. 244 |
| What Are the Alienation Effects of Production? | p. 248 |
| What Alienation Effects Appear in the Text? | p. 249 |
| How Does Epic Theater Define the World? | p. 258 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 258 |
| Postmodernism | p. 260 |
| Background | p. 260 |
| The Assumptions of Liberal Humanism | p. 260 |
| The Assumptions of Postmodernism | p. 262 |
| Characteristics of Postmodern Plays | p. 265 |
| How Does Postmodernism Define the World? | p. 276 |
| Questioning the Play | p. 277 |
| Glossary | p. 281 |
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