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Weak Elements, Weak Flesh : Reading Galatians in Conversation with Philo and Greek Medical Discourse - Ernest P. Clark
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Weak Elements, Weak Flesh

Reading Galatians in Conversation with Philo and Greek Medical Discourse

By: Ernest P. Clark

Hardcover | 11 December 2023

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In Weak Elements, Weak Flesh, Ernest Clark reinvigorates an ancient interpretation overlooked since the fourth century. Clark argues that when Paul writes âwe too were enslaved under the elements of the world,â he means that the elements that compose the cosmos also compose and compromise the flesh, allowing sin to enslave human persons through their bodies (Gal 4.3). This book demonstrates that early Jews introduced the phrase ÏÏÎιÏεa-α ÏÎa¦ κÏÏμÎÏ to refer to the material elements: earth, water, air, and fire. Greek medicine understood these elements to mediate the bodily stimuli and desires which enslave the soul. In his philosophy according to the cosmic elements, Philo promotes the law of Moses as the effective way to be âredeemed from slaveryâ to the flesh and to attain righteousness. Paulâs epistle to the Galatians opposes this sort of âredemptive nomism.â Paul accepts that weak elements compose the weak flesh and that they mediate sinful stimuli and desires that lead to the actions of the flesh. However, he denies that the law can make people alive or righteous. Instead, Paul prescribes crucifixion with Christ and new life with the Spirit as the cure for sinâs infection of the flesh made of weak elements.

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Dr. Ernest Clark is a thoughtful man of God whose scholarship bears the signs of deep prayer. He carefully searches the Word of God, and seeks to adhere to what he discovers with his life and thoughts. -- Robert Presutti, Spiritual Director at Our Lady of Bethesda

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