Virtual Machines

By: Iain D. Craig

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Hardcover | 28 September 2005

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Hardcover
288 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
22.86 x 15.24 x 1.91

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I love virtual machines (VMs) and I have done for a long time.If that makes me "sad" or an "anorak", so be it. I love them because they are so much fun, as well as being so useful. They have an element of original sin (writing assembly programs and being in control of an entire machine), while still being able to claim that one is being a respectable member of the community (being structured, modular, high-level, object-oriented, and so on). They also allow one to design machines of one's own, unencumbered by the restrictions of a starts optimising it for some physical particular processor (at least, until one processor or other). I have been building virtual machines, on and off, since 1980 or there abouts. It has always been something of a hobby for me; it has also turned out to be a technique of great power and applicability. I hope to continue working on them, perhaps on some of the ideas outlined in the last chapter (I certainly want to do some more work with register-based VMs and concur rency). I originally wanted to write the book from a purely semantic viewpoint.

Industry Reviews

From the reviews:

"The author offers a unique insight into the building of virtual machines (VMs) for sequential, object-oriented and parallel languages, and uses comparisons of different VMs to provide practical examples on how to build VMs." (Stefan Meyer, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1092 (18), 2006)

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Introduction	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Interpreters	p. 3
Landin's SECD Machine	p. 3
The Organisation of this Book	p. 5
Omissions	p. 7
VMs for Portability: BCPL	p. 11
Introduction	p. 11
BCPL the Language	p. 12
VM Operations	p. 15
The OCODE Machine	p. 17
OCODE Instructions and their Implementation	p. 18
Expression Instructions	p. 18
Load and Store Instructions	p. 20
Instructions Relating to Routines	p. 20
Control Instructions	p. 22
Directives	p. 23
The Intcode/Cintcode Machine	p. 24
The Java Virtual Machine	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
JVM Organisation: An Overview	p. 28
The stack	p. 29
Method areas	p. 30
The PC register	p. 31
Other structures	p. 32
Class Files	p. 32
Object Representation at Runtime	p. 40
Initialisation	p. 42
Object Deletion	p. 44
JVM Termination	p. 45
Exception Handling	p. 45
Instructions	p. 46
Data-manipulation instructions	p. 48
Control instructions	p. 51
Stack-manipulating instructions	p. 54
Support for object orientation	p. 56
Synchronisation	p. 59
Concluding Remarks	p. 59
DIY VMs	p. 61
Introduction	p. 61
ALEX	p. 62
Language Overview	p. 62
What the Virtual Machine Must Support	p. 65
Virtual Machine-Storage Structures	p. 66
Virtual Machine-Registers	p. 68
Virtual Machine-Instruction Set	p. 70
An Example	p. 79
Implementation	p. 81
Extensions	p. 85
Alternatives	p. 88
Specification	p. 93
Issues	p. 96
Indirect and Relative Jumps	p. 97
More Data Types	p. 98
Higher-Order Routines	p. 106
Primitive Routines	p. 106
Concluding Remarks	p. 107
More Stack-Based VMs	p. 109
Introduction	p. 109
A Simple Object-Oriented Language	p. 110
Language Overview	p. 110
Virtual Machine-Storage Structures	p. 111
Virtual Machine-Registers	p. 113
Virtual Machine-Instruction Set	p. 113
Extensions	p. 116
Alternatives	p. 116
A Parallel Language	p. 117
Language Overview	p. 117
Virtual Machine-Storage Structures	p. 119
Virtual Machine-Registers	p. 121
Virtual Machine-Instruction Set	p. 122
Implementation	p. 124
Extensions	p. 126
Alternatives	p. 128
Issues	p. 129
Concluding Remarks	p. 129
Some Optimisations	p. 129
Combining the Languages	p. 130
Case Study: An Event-Driven Language	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
The Structure of Rules	p. 133
Events	p. 136
Execution Cycle	p. 136
Interpretation Rules	p. 138
VM Specification	p. 141
States and Notational Conventions	p. 142
Infra-Rule Transitions	p. 145
Extra-Rule Transitions	p. 148
VM-Only Transitions	p. 150
Introspective Operations	p. 151
Rule Equivalences	p. 153
Concluding Remarks	p. 154
Register-Based Machines	p. 157
Introduction	p. 157
The Register-Transfer Model	p. 158
Register Machine Organisation	p. 161
Parrot-General Organisation	p. 165
Parrot Instruction Set	p. 168
Control instructions	p. 169
Data management instructions	p. 169
Register and stack operations	p. 170
DIY Register-Based Virtual Machine	p. 171
Informal Design	p. 172
Extensions	p. 176
Transition Rules	p. 177
Translating ALEXVM into RTM	p. 183
Example Code	p. 186
Correctness of the Translation	p. 186
More Natural Compilation	p. 196
Extensions	p. 200
Implementation Techniques	p. 201
Stack-Based Machines	p. 202
Direct Implementation	p. 202
Translation	p. 203
Threaded Code	p. 207
Register Machines	p. 209
Register sets	p. 210
Addressing	p. 210
Translation to Another VM	p. 212
Using Transitions	p. 212
Concluding Remarks	p. 213
Open Issues	p. 215
Security	p. 215
New Languages	p. 216
Typed Instruction Sets and Intermediate Codes	p. 216
High-Level Instructions	p. 218
Additivity and Replacement	p. 218
Compiler Correctness	p. 218
Dynamic Code Insertion	p. 219
Instrumentation	p. 220
Including more Information about Source Code	p. 221
Integration with Databases	p. 222
Increased Inter-Operability	p. 222
Code Mobility	p. 223
Small Platforms	p. 224
Real-Time VMs	p. 226
Code Morphing	p. 227
Greater Optimisation	p. 227
Operating System Constructs	p. 228
Virtual Machines for more General Portability	p. 229
Distributed VMs	p. 229
Objects and VMs	p. 229
Virtual VMs	p. 230
By Way of a Conclusion	p. 231
Compiling ALEX	p. 233
Introduction	p. 233
Notational Conventions	p. 233
Compilation Rules	p. 235
Harrison Machine Compilation Rules	p. 241
Introduction	p. 241
Compilation Rules	p. 241
Harrison Machine Instruction Set	p. 257
References	p. 261
Index	p. 265
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Virtual Machines

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