Vera Philosophia

This volume includes a collection of reworked articles which the author, during the last twenty years, dedicated to the origins and conditions constitutive of Christian philosophical-theological thought. From the earliest centuries of the Christian era, human reason was submitted to a particular formal conditioning, in so far as it was necessarily obliged to confront the contents of a divine revelation recognized as necessarily 'true'. The medieval Latin scholar was induced by the social and cultural peculiarities of his time to confront a model of thought which imposes a decisive subordination of natural knowledge - demonstrated to be imperfect and inconclusive - to the certainties assured by the faith. The production of this model of philosophia, sensibly different from the dominant paradigms in the classical period, rooted itself in the critical redimensioning of reason introduced into the West by Cicero. Departing from the observation of the failure of the philosophical aspirations of antiquity, the Christian intellectuals effected an operative 'overturning' of the conditions of veridical knowledge. The new wisdom was not the result of a pure interference of religion in the field of rational science; it was, however, directed by a conscious 'conversion' of the philosophers and fulfilled on two sides: on that of the faith, which requires earthly knowledge in order to defend itself from misunderstandings and heresies; and on that of reason, which allows itself to draw upon supernatural revelation for the possession of regulatory principles which guide it in the study of natural things. This book investigates the development of this approach during the course of the centuries which precede, in the West, the rediscovery of Aristotelian epistemology: from Augustine to Boethius, from John Scottus Eriugena to Anselm of Aosta. It moves to the point of describing the return of this methodological approach, at the end of the Medieval Scholastic period, in the results of the antiaristotelian critique carried out by the men of the Renaissance in the recovering of a model of thought which had dominated in the patristic and early medieval periods.