INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................9
HAZARDS, RISK AND DECISION MAKING ...................................................................................................................................9
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ................................................................................................................................................... 11
ETHICS, STYLE AND ETIQUETTE .............................................................................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER 1 - BASIC EQUIPMENT..................................................................................................................... 17
NYLON MATERIAL ......................................................................................................................................................................18
HARNESS .....................................................................................................................................................................................19
ROPE ............................................................................................................................................................................................20
SLINGS, WEBBING AND RUNNERS.............................................................................................................................................24
CORDELETTE ............................................................................................................................................................................... 26
PERSONAL TETHER ....................................................................................................................................................................26
HELMET ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
CARABINERS ...............................................................................................................................................................................27
QUICKLINKS ................................................................................................................................................................................30
BELAY DEVICES...........................................................................................................................................................................30 BOLTS........................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER 2 - KNOTS AND HITCHES ............................................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 3 - TOP ROPE ..................................................................................................................................... 41
SCOUTING THE ANCHOR POSITION...........................................................................................................................................41
ANCHOR BASICS..........................................................................................................................................................................43
ANCHOR-BUILDING ON BOLTS..................................................................................................................................................46
ANCHOR-BUILDING ON TREES ................................
