| Preface: An Uncertain Heritage | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Finitude and the Future: Seven Modes of Religious Skepticism | p. 11 |
| The Subject Mode | p. 15 |
| Overlooked Evidence | p. 18 |
| Neglected Evidence | p. 20 |
| Inaccessible Evidence | p. 21 |
| Undiscovered Evidence | p. 23 |
| Undiscoverable Evidence | p. 24 |
| Unrecognized Defeat: A Strategy of Assessment | p. 27 |
| Additional Support for the Strategy | p. 39 |
| Application of the Strategy to Religious Inquiry | p. 42 |
| Is the Subject Mode Self-Defeating? | p. 47 |
| The Object Mode | p. 50 |
| The Ultimate: Knowable or Unknowable31? | p. 51 |
| Religious Conceptions of the Ultimate: Adequate or Inadequate? | p. 56 |
| Ultimism: Coherent or Incoherent? | p. 64 |
| The Retrospective Mode | p. 69 |
| General Preliminaries | p. 70 |
| The Heart of the Matter: How Religious Investigation Has Suffered | p. 71 |
| The Skeptical Fallout | p. 86 |
| The Prospective Mode | p. 91 |
| Why the Future Matters Now | p. 93 |
| How the Evidence May Change | p. 97 |
| Does the Prospective Mode Underwrite Irresponsible Generalization? | p. 105 |
| The Modes Combined: Limitation, Immaturity, Presumption | p. 108 |
| Combinatorial Reasoning | p. 109 |
| The Limitation Mode | p. 112 |
| The Immaturity Mode | p. 113 |
| The Presumption Mode | p. 115 |
| The Bearing of Pragmatic Considerations | p. 118 |
| The Benefits of Belief | p. 119 |
| The Benefits of Disbelief | p. 124 |
| Passive or Active Skepticism? | p. 128 |
| Cradles of Conviction: The Modes Applied and Fortified | p. 131 |
| An Answer to Naturalism | p. 133 |
| The Nature of Naturalism | p. 133 |
| Arguments for Naturalism | p. 136 |
| A More Plausible Naturalism? | p. 151 |
| Conclusions | p. 157 |
| The Questionableness of Religious Experience | p. 160 |
| First-Person Justification: Variations on the Theme | p. 162 |
| Innocent until Proven Guilty? | p. 169 |
| The Problem of Religious Diversity Revisited | p. 175 |
| The Problem of Natural Explanation Introduced | p. 184 |
| Final Thoughts | p. 189 |
| God and the Gaps: The Modes Illustrated and Vindicated | p. 191 |
| Hiddenness Arguments I | p. 195 |
| Parameters of the Discussion | p. 195 |
| God, Creation, and Divine-Creature Relationship | p. 198 |
| Objections to the Hiddenness Argument | p. 206 |
| The Free-Will Defense against the Problem of Hiddenness | p. 218 |
| Hiddenness Arguments II | p. 227 |
| Former Believers | p. 228 |
| Lifelong Seekers | p. 233 |
| Converts to Nontheistic Religion | p. 236 |
| Isolated Nontheists | p. 238 |
| Conclusion | p. 242 |
| The Argument from Horrors | p. 243 |
| Developing the Argument | p. 243 |
| An Objection to the Argument | p. 254 |
| More Objections: The Free-Will Theodicy | p. 256 |
| More Objections: The Free-Will Defense | p. 261 |
| The Free-Will Offense | p. 270 |
| A World without Free Will | p. 271 |
| A World without the Free-Will Defense | p. 282 |
| The Problems of Free Will | p. 285 |
| This Chapter and Previous Arguments | p. 288 |
| Consolidating Forces: The Arguments Combined | p. 291 |
| The Consolidated Hiddenness Argument | p. 292 |
| The Consolidated Argument from Horrors and Free Will | p. 294 |
| The Consolidated Argument from Hiddenness, Horrors, and Free Will | p. 295 |
| Closing the Case: Seven Proofs and a Skeptical Conclusion | p. 297 |
| The Force of the Proofs: An Opening Worry | p. 297 |
| The Force of the Proofs: Skeptical Theism | p. 299 |
| The Force of the Proofs: Other Theists | p. 304 |
| God and the Gaps | p. 306 |
| Epilogue | p. 310 |
| Definitions | p. 313 |
| Principles | p. 317 |
| Index | p. 321 |
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