| Preface | p. xv |
| List of abbreviations and symbols | p. xvii |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| History of the notion | p. 3 |
| Delimiting the notion of syncretism | p. 4 |
| Scope of the investigation | p. 7 |
| Typological methodology | p. 7 |
| Selection of forms | p. 8 |
| Accidental versus systematic homophony | p. 9 |
| Using this book | p. 10 |
| Supporting materials | p. 10 |
| Glossing conventions | p. 11 |
| Structure of the book | p. 12 |
| Characteristics of syncretism | p. 13 |
| Syncretic paradigms | p. 13 |
| Types | p. 13 |
| Implications | p. 17 |
| Domains of comparison | p. 17 |
| Morphological classes | p. 17 |
| Feature values | p. 19 |
| Morphological characteristics | p. 23 |
| A typology of interpretations | p. 27 |
| Syncretism as neutralization | p. 28 |
| Syncretism as uninflectedness | p. 30 |
| Canonical syncretism | p. 33 |
| Conclusion | p. 35 |
| Cross-linguistic typology of features | p. 37 |
| Case | p. 38 |
| Introduction | p. 38 |
| Types of case syncretism | p. 40 |
| Conclusion | p. 56 |
| Person | p. 57 |
| Introduction | p. 57 |
| Patterns of syncretism | p. 59 |
| Directional effects | p. 63 |
| Diachrony | p. 70 |
| Summary | p. 75 |
| Person syncretism in two-place verbs | p. 75 |
| Introduction | p. 75 |
| Syncretism of subject person | p. 76 |
| Syncretism of object person | p. 79 |
| Other patterns | p. 80 |
| Summary | p. 81 |
| Gender | p. 81 |
| Introduction | p. 81 |
| Gender and number | p. 82 |
| Smaller systems | p. 83 |
| Larger systems | p. 86 |
| Syncretism restricted by target | p. 90 |
| Summary | p. 91 |
| Number | p. 92 |
| Introduction | p. 92 |
| Values | p. 93 |
| Directionality | p. 94 |
| Summary | p. 95 |
| Tense-aspect-mood | p. 95 |
| Introduction | p. 95 |
| Affix suppression | p. 96 |
| Syncretic affixes | p. 100 |
| Compound systems | p. 101 |
| Summary | p. 103 |
| Polarity effects | p. 103 |
| Introduction | p. 103 |
| Morphological systematicity | p. 105 |
| Semantic systematicity | p. 108 |
| Summary | p. 111 |
| The interaction of features | p. 111 |
| Introduction | p. 111 |
| Syncretisms and their contexts | p. 112 |
| Nominal feature interactions | p. 113 |
| Typologies of interaction | p. 113 |
| Exploring interaction | p. 114 |
| Constraints on nominal features | p. 118 |
| Verbal feature interactions | p. 119 |
| Verbal paradigms | p. 120 |
| Exploring the verb data | p. 121 |
| Interpreting the generalisations | p. 123 |
| Number, case and gender on nominals | p. 123 |
| TAM and agreement on verbs | p. 123 |
| Summary | p. 124 |
| Conclusion | p. 124 |
| Formal representation | p. 126 |
| Introduction | p. 126 |
| Defining sets of values | p. 126 |
| Natural classes | p. 126 |
| Unnatural classes | p. 131 |
| A note on polarity effects | p. 132 |
| Symmetrical versus directional rules | p. 133 |
| Convergent bidirectional syncretism | p. 136 |
| Divergent bidirectional syncretism | p. 139 |
| Symmetrical versus directional rules: a summary | p. 144 |
| Ranked constraints as an alternative to directional syncretism | p. 145 |
| Possible constraints on syncretism | p. 150 |
| Variants on hierarchical structures | p. 150 |
| Carstairs (1987), Carstairs-McCarthy (1998a, b) | p. 151 |
| Impoverishment | p. 160 |
| Stump (2001) and Zwicky (2000) | p. 163 |
| Summary | p. 166 |
| Predictions and counter-examples | p. 166 |
| Towards a model of syncretism | p. 169 |
| Formal framework and case studies | p. 171 |
| Network Morphology and syncretism | p. 172 |
| Inferential-realizational theories and morphology | p. 175 |
| Default inheritance | p. 177 |
| Underspecification and semantic naturalness | p. 180 |
| Systematicity in Network Morphology | p. 182 |
| Case study 1: Dhaasanac | p. 183 |
| Case study 2: The Dalabon verbal system | p. 186 |
| The structure of the Dalabon intransitive paradigm | p. 187 |
| The Dalabon transitive paradigm and the inadequacy of underspecification | p. 188 |
| The Dalabon transitive paradigm: a generalized referral analysis | p. 194 |
| The verbal hierarchy | p. 199 |
| The shape of the verbal paradigm | p. 200 |
| Referral of 1 > 2sG to 3 > 2sG | p. 203 |
| Referral of 2 > 1 to 3 > 1 | p. 203 |
| Dalabon: summing up | p. 203 |
| Case study 3: The Russian nominal system | p. 204 |
| Domains of syncretism | p. 206 |
| Phonologically determined 'syncretism' | p. 206 |
| Lexically determined syncretism | p. 206 |
| Morphologically determined syncretism | p. 207 |
| Candidates for syntactically determined syncretism | p. 213 |
| Orthogonal specification of syncretism | p. 216 |
| Conclusion | p. 217 |
| Conclusion | p. 219 |
| Taking stock | p. 219 |
| Results | p. 220 |
| Consequences | p. 221 |
| Case syncretism in the World Atlas of Language Structures sample | p. 223 |
| Person syncretism in the World Atlas of Language Structures sample | p. 228 |
| Syncretism in two-place verbs in the World Atlas of Language Structures corpus | p. 233 |
| DATR fragment for Dhasaanac case study | p. 236 |
| DATR fragment for Dalabon case study | p. 242 |
| DATR fragment for Russian case study | p. 248 |
| References | p. 254 |
| Author index | p. 271 |
| Language index | p. 275 |
| Subject index | p. 279 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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