The Syntax-Morphology Interface

A Study of Syncretism

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Hardcover | 15 November 2005

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304 Pages

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Syncretism - where a single form serves two or more morphosyntactic functions - is a persistent problem at the syntax-morphology interface. It results from a 'mismatch', whereby the syntax of a language makes a particular distinction, but the morphology does not. This pioneering book provides the first full-length study of inflectional syncretism, presenting a typology of its occurrence across a wide range of languages. The implications of syncretism for the syntax-morphology interface have long been recognised: it argues either for an enriched model of feature structure (thereby preserving a direct link between function and form), or for the independence of morphological structure from syntactic structure. The Syntax-Morphology Interface argues for the autonomy of morphology, and the resulting analysis is illustrated in a series of formal case studies within network morphology. It will be welcomed by all linguists interested in the relation between words and the larger units of which they are a part.

Industry Reviews

'This book is a milestone in the understanding of syncretism, and will interest both specialists and non-specialists ... the existing literature on syncretism is widely documented and discussed at length before the Network Morphology model is proposed, so that the theoretical inquiry matches the quality of the empirical data. Cercles

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Non-Fiction Language & Linguistics Linguistics Grammar, Syntax & Morphology

Preface	p. xv
List of abbreviations and symbols	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
History of the notion	p. 3
Delimiting the notion of syncretism	p. 4
Scope of the investigation	p. 7
Typological methodology	p. 7
Selection of forms	p. 8
Accidental versus systematic homophony	p. 9
Using this book	p. 10
Supporting materials	p. 10
Glossing conventions	p. 11
Structure of the book	p. 12
Characteristics of syncretism	p. 13
Syncretic paradigms	p. 13
Types	p. 13
Implications	p. 17
Domains of comparison	p. 17
Morphological classes	p. 17
Feature values	p. 19
Morphological characteristics	p. 23
A typology of interpretations	p. 27
Syncretism as neutralization	p. 28
Syncretism as uninflectedness	p. 30
Canonical syncretism	p. 33
Conclusion	p. 35
Cross-linguistic typology of features	p. 37
Case	p. 38
Introduction	p. 38
Types of case syncretism	p. 40
Conclusion	p. 56
Person	p. 57
Introduction	p. 57
Patterns of syncretism	p. 59
Directional effects	p. 63
Diachrony	p. 70
Summary	p. 75
Person syncretism in two-place verbs	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Syncretism of subject person	p. 76
Syncretism of object person	p. 79
Other patterns	p. 80
Summary	p. 81
Gender	p. 81
Introduction	p. 81
Gender and number	p. 82
Smaller systems	p. 83
Larger systems	p. 86
Syncretism restricted by target	p. 90
Summary	p. 91
Number	p. 92
Introduction	p. 92
Values	p. 93
Directionality	p. 94
Summary	p. 95
Tense-aspect-mood	p. 95
Introduction	p. 95
Affix suppression	p. 96
Syncretic affixes	p. 100
Compound systems	p. 101
Summary	p. 103
Polarity effects	p. 103
Introduction	p. 103
Morphological systematicity	p. 105
Semantic systematicity	p. 108
Summary	p. 111
The interaction of features	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Syncretisms and their contexts	p. 112
Nominal feature interactions	p. 113
Typologies of interaction	p. 113
Exploring interaction	p. 114
Constraints on nominal features	p. 118
Verbal feature interactions	p. 119
Verbal paradigms	p. 120
Exploring the verb data	p. 121
Interpreting the generalisations	p. 123
Number, case and gender on nominals	p. 123
TAM and agreement on verbs	p. 123
Summary	p. 124
Conclusion	p. 124
Formal representation	p. 126
Introduction	p. 126
Defining sets of values	p. 126
Natural classes	p. 126
Unnatural classes	p. 131
A note on polarity effects	p. 132
Symmetrical versus directional rules	p. 133
Convergent bidirectional syncretism	p. 136
Divergent bidirectional syncretism	p. 139
Symmetrical versus directional rules: a summary	p. 144
Ranked constraints as an alternative to directional syncretism	p. 145
Possible constraints on syncretism	p. 150
Variants on hierarchical structures	p. 150
Carstairs (1987), Carstairs-McCarthy (1998a, b)	p. 151
Impoverishment	p. 160
Stump (2001) and Zwicky (2000)	p. 163
Summary	p. 166
Predictions and counter-examples	p. 166
Towards a model of syncretism	p. 169
Formal framework and case studies	p. 171
Network Morphology and syncretism	p. 172
Inferential-realizational theories and morphology	p. 175
Default inheritance	p. 177
Underspecification and semantic naturalness	p. 180
Systematicity in Network Morphology	p. 182
Case study 1: Dhaasanac	p. 183
Case study 2: The Dalabon verbal system	p. 186
The structure of the Dalabon intransitive paradigm	p. 187
The Dalabon transitive paradigm and the inadequacy of underspecification	p. 188
The Dalabon transitive paradigm: a generalized referral analysis	p. 194
The verbal hierarchy	p. 199
The shape of the verbal paradigm	p. 200
Referral of 1 > 2sG to 3 > 2sG	p. 203
Referral of 2 > 1 to 3 > 1	p. 203
Dalabon: summing up	p. 203
Case study 3: The Russian nominal system	p. 204
Domains of syncretism	p. 206
Phonologically determined 'syncretism'	p. 206
Lexically determined syncretism	p. 206
Morphologically determined syncretism	p. 207
Candidates for syntactically determined syncretism	p. 213
Orthogonal specification of syncretism	p. 216
Conclusion	p. 217
Conclusion	p. 219
Taking stock	p. 219
Results	p. 220
Consequences	p. 221
Case syncretism in the World Atlas of Language Structures sample	p. 223
Person syncretism in the World Atlas of Language Structures sample	p. 228
Syncretism in two-place verbs in the World Atlas of Language Structures corpus	p. 233
DATR fragment for Dhasaanac case study	p. 236
DATR fragment for Dalabon case study	p. 242
DATR fragment for Russian case study	p. 248
References	p. 254
Author index	p. 271
Language index	p. 275
Subject index	p. 279
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

The Syntax-Morphology Interface

A Study of Syncretism

At a Glance

Hardcover

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