| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. xiii |
| p. xix |
| The Approach | p. 1 |
| The general theory | p. 1 |
| The two components in sentences | p. 2 |
| Aspectual systems in language | p. 4 |
| Aspectual choice | p. 6 |
| The structure of the aspectual components | p. 8 |
| The logic of markedness | p. 8 |
| Markedness, categorization, and aspectual choice | p. 10 |
| Situation type categories and prototype theory | p. 11 |
| The parameter of aspect and Universal Grammar | p. 13 |
| Situation Aspect | p. 17 |
| Basic-level and derived-level situation types | p. 17 |
| Temporal features of the situation types | p. 19 |
| The causal chain | p. 21 |
| The situation types | p. 22 |
| Activities | p. 23 |
| Accomplishments | p. 26 |
| Semelfactives | p. 29 |
| Achievements | p. 30 |
| Statives | p. 32 |
| The general categories of event and state | p. 35 |
| The Linguistic Realization of the Situation Types | p. 39 |
| Syntactic and semantic properties | p. 39 |
| Linguistic properties of the temporal features | p. 39 |
| Linguistic characterization of the situation types | p. 44 |
| Derived situation types | p. 48 |
| Super-lexical morphemes: lexical focus | p. 48 |
| Multiple-event Activities | p. 50 |
| Habitual Statives | p. 50 |
| Marked focus | p. 51 |
| A principle for interpreted situation type shifts | p. 53 |
| Rules for composing verb constellations | p. 54 |
| Basic-level verb constellations | p. 54 |
| Derived-level verb constellations | p. 55 |
| Verb constellations of interest | p. 56 |
| Perception verbs, Personal property predicates | p. 56 |
| Vague verb constellations | p. 58 |
| Viewpoint Aspect | p. 61 |
| Semantic information and aspectual viewpoints | p. 62 |
| Families of viewpoints | p. 65 |
| Perfective viewpoints | p. 66 |
| Imperfective viewpoints | p. 73 |
| Neutral viewpoints | p. 77 |
| The independence of viewpoint and situation type | p. 81 |
| Viewpoint span | p. 81 |
| Visible information and the imperfective paradox | p. 83 |
| The relation between statives and imperfectives | p. 84 |
| Viewpoints and conventions of use | p. 86 |
| Pragmatic conventions and closed systems | p. 86 |
| Augmented interpretations | p. 87 |
| Conventions of use for aspectual viewpoints | p. 88 |
| Narrative conventions and the viewpoints | p. 92 |
| Temporal Location | p. 97 |
| Time and temporal location | p. 97 |
| Temporal information in sentences | p. 99 |
| The coordinates of temporal location | p. 99 |
| Temporal reference and temporal location | p. 101 |
| Tenses and the perfect | p. 106 |
| Tense | p. 106 |
| The perfect | p. 106 |
| Sentences about the Present | p. 110 |
| Adverbials | p. 112 |
| The interpretation of temporal expressions | p. 117 |
| The Formal Analysis of Temporal Meaning | p. 123 |
| Formalizing aspectual concepts | p. 123 |
| Situation aspect | p. 124 |
| Viewpoint aspect | p. 126 |
| Perfective viewpoints | p. 128 |
| Imperfective viewpoints | p. 130 |
| From form to meaning: Determining the aspectual meaning of sentences | p. 131 |
| Computing scopal structure | p. 132 |
| Compositional rules for situation type | p. 133 |
| Determining the temporal location meaning of sentences | p. 137 |
| Aspectual Meaning in Discourse Representation Theory | p. 141 |
| Meaning and language understanding | p. 141 |
| Discourse Representation Theory | p. 144 |
| Discourse Representation Structures | p. 145 |
| Aspectual meaning in Discourse Representation Structure | p. 145 |
| Temporal location in Discourse Representation Structures | p. 148 |
| Other viewpoints in Discourse Representation Structures | p. 150 |
| Relating the Discourse Representation Structure to a model | p. 152 |
| Aspectual indeterminacy and inference | p. 154 |
| Additional DRSs | p. 160 |
| p. 165 |
| Introduction to Part II | p. 167 |
| The Aspectual System of English | p. 169 |
| Introductory characterization | p. 169 |
| Viewpoint aspect | p. 169 |
| The perfective viewpoint | p. 170 |
| The imperfective viewpoint | p. 171 |
| Conventions of use | p. 175 |
| Situation type | p. 176 |
| Temporal properties in sentences of English | p. 176 |
| Activities | p. 177 |
| Accomplishments | p. 178 |
| Semelfactives | p. 180 |
| Achievements | p. 181 |
| Statives | p. 182 |
| Temporal location and aspect | p. 184 |
| Present tense sentences | p. 185 |
| The Perfect construction | p. 186 |
| The Futurate | p. 189 |
| The Aspectual System of French | p. 193 |
| Introductory characterization | p. 193 |
| Viewpoint aspect | p. 193 |
| The perfective viewpoint | p. 194 |
| The imperfective viewpoints | p. 197 |
| The Neutral viewpoint | p. 201 |
| Temporal location | p. 204 |
| The Past tenses | p. 204 |
| The Present tenses | p. 208 |
| The Future tenses | p. 210 |
| Conventions of use | p. 211 |
| Situation Aspect | p. 214 |
| Temporal properties in French | p. 214 |
| Activities | p. 215 |
| Accomplishments | p. 218 |
| Semelfactives | p. 220 |
| Achievements | p. 220 |
| Statives | p. 222 |
| The Aspectual System of Russian | p. 227 |
| Introductory characterization | p. 227 |
| Morphological preliminaries | p. 228 |
| Viewpoint aspect | p. 229 |
| The perfective viewpoint | p. 230 |
| The imperfective viewpoint | p. 231 |
| Conventions of use | p. 234 |
| Situation aspect | p. 241 |
| Grammatical features of Russian | p. 241 |
| Temporal properties in Russian | p. 242 |
| Activities | p. 243 |
| Accomplishments | p. 245 |
| Semelfactives | p. 246 |
| Achievements | p. 247 |
| Statives | p. 248 |
| Temporal location | p. 250 |
| Tense | p. 250 |
| Adverbials | p. 251 |
| Infinitives | p. 252 |
| Negation | p. 256 |
| Test for the viewpoint aspect of a verb form | p. 258 |
| The Aspectual System of Mandarin Chinese | p. 263 |
| Introductory characterization | p. 263 |
| Viewpoint aspect | p. 263 |
| The perfective viewpoints | p. 263 |
| The imperfective viewpoints | p. 271 |
| The neutral viewpoint | p. 277 |
| Conventions of use | p. 279 |
| Situation aspect | p. 281 |
| Grammatical features of Mandarin | p. 281 |
| Temporal properties in Mandarin | p. 284 |
| Activities | p. 285 |
| Accomplishments | p. 287 |
| Semelfactives | p. 290 |
| Achievements | p. 291 |
| Statives | p. 292 |
| Verb constellations of special interest | p. 294 |
| The Aspectual System of Navajo | p. 297 |
| Introductory characterization | p. 297 |
| The Navajo Aspectual System | p. 297 |
| Preliminaries: The Navajo verb | p. 298 |
| Viewpoint aspect | p. 300 |
| The perfective viewpoint | p. 301 |
| The imperfective viewpoint | p. 302 |
| The progressive viewpoint | p. 303 |
| The neutral viewpoint | p. 304 |
| Conventions of use | p. 306 |
| Situation aspect | p. 309 |
| The Navajo sentence | p. 309 |
| Temporal properties in Navajo | p. 312 |
| Durative events | p. 313 |
| Instantaneous events | p. 317 |
| Statives | p. 317 |
| Lexical and morphological factors | p. 319 |
| Super-lexical morphemes | p. 319 |
| Verb lexeme categories | p. 321 |
| Time expressions in Navajo | p. 323 |
| Temporal location: tense and adverbials | p. 323 |
| Temporal duration | p. 324 |
| Examples of VLC category members | p. 327 |
| References | p. 331 |
| General Index | p. 343 |
| Name Index | p. 347 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
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