The Controversial Pivot

In 1994, two political events occurred that would have been inconceivable just five years before: the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was launched, and Republicans took control of the US Congress for the first time in 40 years. NAFTA aimed to bind the three North American economies after more than a century in which Mexico and Canada had struggled to keep their distance from the United States. Ironically, at the very moment that Canada and Mexico risked a closer embrace, a new inward-looking US Congress took office, less sensitive to neighbors or international obligations. Concerned Mexicans and Canadians asked: Was it possible to advance NAFTA's goals if the US Congress stepped on the brakes? This book looks at the NAFTA integration process by focusing on the US Congress. More independent and influential than the Canadian Parliament or Mexican legislature, the US Congress seeks to shape the river banks within which North American integration runs its course, but often it just dams the river. The book presents the work of scholars from Mexico, Canada, and the United States who propose changes in congressional policymaking in order to facilitate a smoother and deeper process of integration within North America. The chapter authors are I. M. Destler, Neil Nevitte, Kim Richard Nossal, Miguel Basanez, Norman J. Ornstein, and George W. Grayson. Robert A. Pastor, professor of political science at Emory University and fellow at the Carter Center, is the author of ten books on US foreign policy and Latin America. Rafael Fernandez de Castro is academic dean of the Department of International Studies at the Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico and Director of the Program for the Analysis of US-Mexican Relations.