The Cognition of Basic Musical Structures

By: David Temperley

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Paperback | 20 August 2004

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422 Pages

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Winner of the 2003 Emerging Scholar Award, presented by the Society for Music Theory In this book, David Temperley addresses a fundamental question about music cognition: how do we extract basic kinds of musical information, such as meter, phrase structure, counterpoint, pitch spelling, harmony, and key from music as we hear it? Taking a computational approach, Temperley develops models for generating these aspects of musical structure. The models he proposes are based on "preference rules," which are criteria for evaluating a possible structural analysis of a piece of music. A preference rule system evaluates many possible interpretations and chooses the one that best satisfies the rules. After an introductory chapter, Temperley presents preference rule systems for generating six basic kinds of musical structure: meter, phrase structure, contrapuntal structure, harmony, and key, as well as pitch spelling (the labeling of pitch events with spellings such as A flat or G sharp). He suggests that preference rule systems not only show how musical structures are inferred, but also shed light on other aspects of music. He substantiates this claim with discussions of musical ambiguity, retrospective revision, expectation, and music outside the Western canon (rock and traditional African music). He proposes a framework for the description of musical styles based on preference rule systems and explores the relevance of preference rule systems to higher-level aspects of music, such as musical schemata, narrative and drama, and musical tension.

Industry Reviews

"This book makes substantial progress in the computer modeling of basic aspects of musical cognition. The author's presentation of complex subject matter is as direct and straightforward as one could wish. His writing is natural, clear, and unfailingly logical." - Fred Lerdahl, Fritz Reiner Professor of Music, Columbia University

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Computing & I.T.Computer Science Audio Processing Psychology Cognition & Cognitive Psychology Arts & Entertainment Music Theory of Music & Musicology Musical Instruments & Instrumental Ensembles Electronic Musical Instruments Science

Physics Classical Mathematics Wave Mechanics including Vibration & Acoustics Psychological Theory, Systems, Schools of Thought & Viewpoints Cognitivism, Cognitive Theory Engineering & Technology Other Technologies & Applied Sciences

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
An Unanswered Question	p. 1
Goals and Methodology	p. 4
Music Cognition and Music Theory	p. 8
The Input Representation	p. 9
The Preference Rule Approach	p. 13
The Implementation Strategy	p. 14
Six Preference Rule Systems	p. 21
Metrical Structure	p. 23
Meter	p. 23
Previous Research on Metrical Analysis	p. 27
A Preference Rule System for Meter	p. 30
Implementation	p. 39
Tests	p. 42
Problems and Possible Improvements	p. 44
Other Factors in Metrical Structure	p. 48
Choosing the Right Tactus	p. 52
Melodic Phrase Structure	p. 55
Musical Grouping and Phrase Structure	p. 55
Studies of Musical Grouping in Psychology	p. 56
Models of Grouping Structure	p. 60
A Preference Rule System for Melodic Phrase Structure	p. 65
Implementation and Tests	p. 71
Grouping in Polyphonic Music	p. 76
Contrapuntal Structure	p. 85
Counterpoint	p. 85
Sequential Integration in Auditory Psychology	p. 87
Computational Models of Contrapuntal Analysis	p. 91
A Preference Rule System for Contrapuntal Analysis	p. 96
Implementation	p. 102
Tests	p. 106
Pitch Spelling and the Tonal-Pitch-Class Representation	p. 115
Pitch-Class, Harmony, and Key	p. 115
Spatial Representations in Music Theory	p. 116
Tonal-Pitch-Class Labeling	p. 123
A Preference Rule System for Tonal-Pitch-Class Labeling	p. 124
Implementation	p. 132
Tests	p. 134
Harmonic Structure	p. 137
Harmony	p. 137
Experimental and Computational Work on Harmonic Analysis	p. 139
A Preference Rule System for Harmonic Analysis	p. 147
Implementation	p. 154
Some Subtle Features of the Model	p. 159
Tests	p. 162
Other Aspects of Harmonic Structure	p. 164
Key Structure	p. 167
Key	p. 167
Psychological and Computational Work on Key	p. 168
The Krumhansl-Schmuckler Key-Finding Algorithm	p. 173
Improving the Algorithm's Performance	p. 176
Modulation	p. 187
Implementation	p. 188
Tests	p. 191
An Alternative Approach to Modulation	p. 198
Extensions and Implications	p. 203
Revision, Ambiguity, and Expectation	p. 205
Diachronic Processing and Ambiguity	p. 205
Modeling the Diachronic Processing of Music	p. 206
Examples of Revision	p. 210
Revision in Tonal Analysis	p. 215
Synchronic Ambiguity	p. 219
Ambiguity in Contrapuntal Structure	p. 224
Ambiguity in Meter	p. 228
Expectation	p. 231
Meter, Harmony, and Tonality in Rock	p. 237
Beyond Common-Practice Music	p. 237
Syncopation in Rock	p. 239
Applications and Extensions of the Syncopation Model	p. 247
Harmony in Rock	p. 253
Modality and Tonicization in Rock	p. 258
Meter and Grouping in African Music	p. 265
African Rhythm	p. 265
Meter in African Music	p. 268
How Is Meter Inferred?	p. 272
Western and African Meter: A Comparison	p. 276
Hemiolas and the "Standard Pattern"	p. 279
"Syncopation Shift" in African Music	p. 282
Grouping Structure in African Music	p. 286
Conclusions	p. 289
Style, Composition, and Performance	p. 291
The Study of Generative Processes in Music	p. 291
Describing Musical Styles and Compositional Practice	p. 292
Further Implications: Is Some Music "Nonmetrical"?	p. 299
Preference Rules as Compositional Constraints: Some Relevant Research	p. 305
Preference Rule Scores and Musical Tension	p. 307
Performance	p. 317
Functions of the Infrastructure	p. 325
Beyond the Infrastructure	p. 325
Motivic Structure and Encoding	p. 326
Musical Schemata	p. 336
Tension and Energy	p. 339
The Functions of Harmony and Tonality	p. 340
Arbitrariness	p. 345
Explaining Musical Details: An Exercise in Recomposition	p. 349
The Power of Common-Practice Music	p. 354
List of Rules	p. 357
Notes	p. 361
References	p. 381
Author Index	p. 393
Subject Index	p. 397
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

The Cognition of Basic Musical Structures

At a Glance

Paperback

Industry Reviews

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How to return your order

Defective items

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