The Bioethics Reader

Introduction xi
Ruth Chadwick, Helga Kuhse, Willem Landman, Udo Schuklenk, and Peter Singer

Part I: Doing Bioethics 1

1. A Report from America When Philosophers Shoot from the Hip 3
James Rachels

2. Rethinking Medical Ethics: A View from Below 9
Paul Farmer and Nicole Gastineau Campos

3. What Can the Social Sciences Contribute to the Study of Ethics? Theoretical, Empirical and Substantive Considerations 33
Erica Hajmes

4. In Defense of Posthuman Dignity 58
Nick Bostrom

Part II: Healthcare Professional–Patient Relationship 71

5. Patients’ Responsibilities in Medical Ethics 73
Heather Draper and Tom Sorell

6. Clinical Ethics and Nursing: ‘Yes’ to Caring, But ‘No’ to a Female Ethics of Care 91
Helga Kuhse

7. Psychiatric Ethics 104
Jennifer Radden

8. Female Genital Mutilation and Cosmetic Surgery: Regulating Non-Therapeutic Body Modification 119
Sally Sheldon and Stephen Wilkinson

Part III: Just Health Care 143

9. Patents and Access to Drugs in Developing Countries: An Ethical Analysis 145
Sigrid Sterckx

10. Justice and Equal Opportunities in Health Care 162
John Harris

11. Constraints and Heroes 175
Carl Elliott

Part IV: Public Health Ethics 187

12. The Genesis of Public Health Ethics 189
Ronald Bayer and Amy L. Fairchild

13. Ethics and Infectious Disease 209
Michael J. Selgelid

14. Vaccination and the Prevention Problem 226
Angus Dawson

Part V: Research Ethics 241

15. International Research Ethics 243
Udo Schuklenk and Richard Ashcroft

16. Equipoise and International Human-Subjects Research 258
Alex John London

17. Developing Drugs for the Developing World: An Economic, Legal, Moral, and Political Dilemma 279
David B. Resnik

18. Some Questions about the Moral Responsibilities of Drug Companies in Developing Countries 301
Dan W. Brock

19. Social Responsibility and Global Pharmaceutical Companies 306
Norman Daniels

Part VI: Genetics 311

20. Do Human Cells Have Rights? 313
Mary Warnock

21. Going to the Roots of the Stem Cell Controversy 328
Soren Holm

22. Designing Babies: Morally Permissible Ways to Modify the Human Genome 342
Nicholas Agar

23. The Non-Identity Problem and Genetic Harms – the Case of Wrongful Handicaps358
Dan W. Brock

24. Coding and Consent: Moral Challenges of the Database Project in Iceland 365
Vilhjalmur Arnason

Part VII: Beginning of Life Issues 387

25. Is It Good to Make Happy People? 389
Stuart Rachels

26. Genes, Embryos, and Future People 408
Walter Glannon

27. Procreative Beneficence: Why We Should Select the Best Children 434
Julian Savulescu

28. The Problem of Abortion: Essentially Contested Concepts and Moral Autonomy 447
Susanne Gibson

29. The Injustice of Unsafe Motherhood 459
Rebecca J. Cook and Bernard M. Dickens

30. The Limits of Conscientious Objection to Abortion in the Developing World 477
Louis-Jacques van Bogaert

31. Surrogate Mothering: Exploitation or Empowerment? 490
Laura M. Purdy

Part VIII: End of Life 509

32. The Metaphysics of Brain Death 511
Jeff McMahan

33. Advance Directives, Autonomy and Unintended Death 551
Jim Stone

34. End of Life Care in HIV-Infected Children Who Died in Hospital 576
Lesley D. Henley

Index 592