Texas Linguistics

Abbreviations Preface Introduction Chapter 1. Working Definitions and Operational Preliminaries 1.1. Tense 1.2. Aspect 1.3. Situation types 1.4. Grammar, discourse, and the meaning of tense-aspect categories 1.5. Tenses of the past system 1.6. Tenses of the present system 1.7. Tense-aspect in early Romance Chapter 2. A Theory of Tense-Aspect in Narrative Based on Markedness 2.1. The concept of markedness 2.2. Markedness and tense-aspect categories in narrative Chapter 3. "Ungrammatical" Tenses: Background of the Question 3.1. Scope of the phenomenon 3.2. Diegetic and mimetic discourse 3.3. Grammatical "freedom" of the early vernaculars 3.4. Tense alternation as a mark of "literary" ecritures 3.5. Prosodic considerations 3.6. Aspectual hypotheses and "situation types" 3.7. The HISTORICAL PRESENT: The "past-more-vivid" 3.8. The NARRATIVE PRESENT, HISTORICAL PRESENT, and PRESENT tense 3.9. Participant tracking 3.10. From oral performance to ecriture: Oral residue in written texts 3.11. Performed stories: Medieval and modern, natural and artificial Chapter 4. Narrative Discourse: Typological Considerations 4.1. Verbal representations of experience: Story structure and reality structure 4.2. Differentia specifica of narrative textuality 4.3. Stories, narratives, and other verbalizations of experience 4.4. Narrative fiction 4.5. Modes of discourse: "Storytelling" and "communication" 4.6. Linguistic marks of storytelling 4.7. Tense and aspect as metalinguistic signals of narrative genres Chapter 5. The Linguistic Structure of Narrative Part I. Temporal Structure 5.1. Speaker-now and story-now 5.2. Retrospective discourse and prospective time 5.3. Iconic sequence and the narrative norm Part II. Text Structure 5.4. The global structure of narrative 5.5. Evaluation 5.6. Adapting the natural narrative model to complex narrations 5.7. The clausal structure of narrative 5.8. Conclusion Chapter 6. Textual Functions Part I. Grounding: The "Texture" of the Text 6.1. The foreground-background contrast 6.2. Toward a theory of grounding 6.3. Grounding and parataxis 6.4. Tense-aspect and grounding 6.5. Creating cohesion: The chansons de geste Part II. Boundary Marking: The "Space" of the Text 6.6. Tense switching and the segmentation of narrative texts Part III. Information Blocking: The "Tempo" of the Text 6.7. "Co-subordinate" nexus 6.8. Pacing the discourse Chapter 7. Expressive Functions 7.1. Point of view and focalization 7.2. The Speaker and the experiencer 7.3. Free indirect discourse 7.4. Interior monologue 7.5. Tense, temporality, and focalization 7.6. Time, tense, and memory in Proust 7.7. Point of view and the PERFECT 7.8. Tense-aspect and point of view in natural narration 7.9. Conclusion Chapter 8. Metalinguistic Functions: Storytelling in the PRESENT 8.1. Epic storytelling: Narration without time 8.2. Romancero: The fragmenting of narrative 8.3. The HISTORICAL PRESENT and beyond 8.4. Transformations of narration in the nouveau roman 8.5. PRESENT-tense fiction: Where is it moving? Conclusion Appendix 1. Coding Conventions Appendix 2. Texts Notes References I. Texts Cited II. Critical Works Concept and Name Index Index of Texts Cited