| Preface | p. xv |
| Acknowledgments | p. xix |
| The Need for an Architecture | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Operational Environment | p. 2 |
| Command and Control | p. 5 |
| An Increased Vulnerability | p. 7 |
| Tactical Communications for the Digitized Battlefield | p. 8 |
| The Need for an Architecture | p. 10 |
| Endnotes | p. 12 |
| An Introduction to Communications Technology | p. 15 |
| Introduction | p. 15 |
| Communications Model | p. 16 |
| Source/Sink | p. 17 |
| Source Coding | p. 27 |
| Encryption | p. 29 |
| Channel Coding | p. 31 |
| Modulation | p. 33 |
| Multiplexing | p. 41 |
| Frequency Spreading | p. 42 |
| Multiple Access | p. 46 |
| Transmitters | p. 48 |
| Receivers | p. 48 |
| Transmission Lines | p. 49 |
| Optical Fibers | p. 52 |
| Antennas | p. 53 |
| Propagation | p. 57 |
| Switching | p. 64 |
| Networking and Internetworking | p. 67 |
| Types of Systems | p. 75 |
| Endnotes | p. 81 |
| Introduction to Land Force Structures | p. 87 |
| Introduction | p. 87 |
| Spectrum of Military Operations | p. 87 |
| Army Structure | p. 89 |
| Joint Forces | p. 102 |
| Dispersed Forces | p. 103 |
| Characteristic Distances for Communications | p. 105 |
| Summary | p. 106 |
| Endnotes | p. 107 |
| Development of Tactical Communications | p. 109 |
| Introduction | p. 109 |
| Early History of Battlefield Communications | p. 110 |
| CNR | p. 115 |
| Trunk Communications | p. 119 |
| Principles of Military Communications | p. 140 |
| Summary | p. 144 |
| Endnotes | p. 145 |
| A Communications Architecture for the Digitized Battlefield | p. 149 |
| Introduction | p. 149 |
| Design Drivers | p. 150 |
| Options for a Mobile Tactical Communications System | p. 162 |
| An Architectural Framework | p. 173 |
| Summary | p. 183 |
| Endnotes | p. 184 |
| Tactical Trunk Subsystem | p. 187 |
| Introduction | p. 187 |
| Key Architectural Drivers | p. 189 |
| Architectural Overview | p. 195 |
| Types of Bearers | p. 197 |
| Nodal Topology | p. 200 |
| Switching Node Composition | p. 204 |
| Mobile Access for Trunk Network Subscribers | p. 210 |
| Interfaces to the Tactical Trunk Subsystem | p. 214 |
| Summary | p. 215 |
| Endnotes | p. 216 |
| The Combat Radio Subsystem | p. 217 |
| Introduction | p. 217 |
| Key Architectural Drivers | p. 219 |
| Multiple Access | p. 222 |
| Candidate Solutions | p. 227 |
| Squad Radio | p. 249 |
| Migration of Analog CNR Systems | p. 254 |
| Conclusions and Recommendations | p. 257 |
| Endnotes | p. 257 |
| Tactical Data Distribution Subsystem | p. 261 |
| Introduction | p. 261 |
| Key Architectural Drivers | p. 263 |
| Multiple Access | p. 266 |
| Possible Solutions | p. 269 |
| Preferred Solution | p. 288 |
| Conclusion | p. 288 |
| Endnotes | p. 290 |
| Tactical Airborne Subsystem | p. 293 |
| Introduction | p. 293 |
| Advantages of an Airborne Communications Platform | p. 294 |
| Platform Height | p. 295 |
| Payload Requirements | p. 297 |
| Some Limitations | p. 303 |
| Payload Architecture | p. 307 |
| Potential Platforms | p. 308 |
| Costs | p. 317 |
| Conclusions | p. 318 |
| Endnotes | p. 318 |
| Tactical Network Interfaces | p. 321 |
| Introduction | p. 321 |
| Basic Requirements | p. 322 |
| User Terminals | p. 324 |
| The Local Subsystem | p. 324 |
| Internal Interfaces | p. 329 |
| External Interfaces | p. 333 |
| Conclusion | p. 340 |
| Endnotes | p. 341 |
| List of Acronyms | p. 343 |
| About the Authors | p. 353 |
| Index | p. 355 |
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