Synthese Library

Analogous Parts of Possible Worlds

By: Eric Steinhart

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Hardcover | 31 July 2001

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268 Pages

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24.77 x 16.51 x 2.54

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1. Metaphors and Logic Metaphors are among the most vigorous offspring of the creative mind; but their vitality springs from the fact that they are logical organisms in the ecology of l- guage. I aim to use logical techniques to analyze the meanings of metaphors. My goal here is to show how contemporary formal semantics can be extended to handle metaphorical utterances. What distinguishes this work is that it focuses intensely on the logical aspects of metaphors. I stress the role of logic in the generation and int- pretation of metaphors. While I don't presuppose any formal training in logic, some familiarity with philosophical logic (the propositional calculus and the predicate c- culus) is helpful. Since my theory makes great use of the notion of structure, I refer to it as the structural theory of m etaphor (STM). STM is a semant ic theory of m etaphor : if STM is correct, then metaphors are cognitively meaningful and are n- trivially logically linked with truth. I aim to extend possible worlds semantics to handle metaphors. I'll argue that some sentences in natural languages like English have multiple meanings: "Juliet is the sun" has (at least) two meanings: the literal meaning "(Juliet is the sunkIT" and the metaphorical meaning "(Juliet is the sun)MET". Each meaning is a function from (possible) worlds to truth-values. I deny that these functions are identical; I deny that the metaphorical function is necessarily false or necessarily true.

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You Can Find This Book In

Non-Fiction Language & Linguistics Reference, Dictionaries & Guides Linguistics Semantics & Discourse Analysis Philosophy Philosophy & Logic Computing & I.T.Computer Science Artificial Intelligence Philosophy of Language Literature, Poetry & Plays

History & Criticism of Literature Literary Theory Audio Processing

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Paperback

Published: 8th December 2010

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Acknowledgements	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
Metaphors and Logic	p. 1
Metaphor and Possible Worlds Semantics	p. 2
Analogical Counterparts	p. 5
Theory-Constitutive Metaphors	p. 8
Analyzing Metaphors	p. 12
Philosophical Application of the Computer	p. 18
Sample Metaphorical Texts	p. 22
Analogical Inferences to Existence	p. 24
Language	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Languages	p. 27
The Grammar of Metaphor	p. 30
Propositions	p. 36
Propositions as Networks	p. 41
Conclusion	p. 45
Semantics	p. 50
Conceptual Structures	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
The Network of Concepts	p. 59
The Taxonomic Hierarchy of Types	p. 60
The Mereological Hierarchy of Types	p. 61
Taxonomic Hierarchy of Processes	p. 62
Contrastive Structures	p. 63
Symmetries in Networks	p. 65
Rules and Lexical Entailments	p. 66
Conceptual Fields	p. 67
Conclusion	p. 70
Sample Descriptions	p. 74
Analogy	p. 81
Introduction	p. 81
Towards a Formal Theory of Analogy	p. 82
The Stages of Analogical Inference	p. 84
Analogical Access	p. 84
Analog Retrieval by Constraint Satisfaction	p. 85
The Access Phase in NETMET	p. 89
Analogical Mapping	p. 93
Analogical Mapping by Constraint Satisfaction	p. 95
Difficulties with Proportional Analogy	p. 99
Rules for Analogical Mapping	p. 100
Conclusion	p. 108
Analogical Transference	p. 115
Introduction	p. 115
Analogical Transference	p. 116
Subsymbolic Analogical Transference	p. 118
An Extended Example of Analogical Transference	p. 119
Rules for Analogical Transference	p. 121
Analogical Transference and Induction	p. 126
Perfect Analogies	p. 130
Self-Mirroring Universes	p. 131
Conclusion	p. 134
Examples of Analogical Transference	p. 137
Metaphorical Communication	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
Rules for Generating Metaphors	p. 142
From Metaphors to Analogies	p. 147
Conclusion	p. 158
Analogy and Truth	p. 161
Introduction	p. 161
Truth-Conditions for Analogies	p. 161
Logical Paraphrases for Metaphors	p. 164
Rules for Assigning Truth-Values to Metaphors	p. 167
Metaphorical Identity is Relative Indiscernibility	p. 174
Conclusion	p. 178
Intensions for Metaphors	p. 180
Metaphor and Inference	p. 183
Introduction	p. 183
Metaphor and Inference	p. 183
Metaphor Justification	p. 188
Metaphor Interpretation	p. 196
Conclusion	p. 207
Lexical Meanings	p. 209
Introduction	p. 209
Definitions for Metaphorical Predicates	p. 209
Metaphors Based on Perfect Analogies	p. 213
Inference to the Best Definition	p. 216
Informative Truth-Conditions	p. 220
Metaphors Based on Imperfect Analogies	p. 223
Conclusion	p. 225
Conclusion	p. 227
References	p. 231
Index	p. 249
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Synthese Library

Analogous Parts of Possible Worlds

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Hardcover

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