Superconductor/Semiconductor Junctions

By: Thomas Schäpers

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Hardcover | 31 July 2001

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164 Pages

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23.5 x 15.24 x 1.27

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This book describes superconductor/two-dimensional-electron-gas (2DEG) structures with the aim of providing a better understanding of their transport properties. The two-dimensional electron gas used for the structures described here is buried either in a III-V semiconductor heterostructure or in an inversion layer at the surface. First, the properties of a single superconductor/2DEG structure are discussed on the basis of Andreev reflection and the proximity effect. Then, the properties of superconductor/2DEG Josephson junctions are treated. The last part of the book discusses the control of junctions using gate electrodes or injection currents, and the physical effects observed in these junctions.

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Introduction	p. 1
Carrier Transport Through a Superconductor/Normal-Conductor Interface	p. 5
The Bogoliubov Equation	p. 5
Quasiparticle Transport Through a Superconductor/Normal-Conductor Interface	p. 8
Andreev Reflection	p. 8
Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk Model	p. 9
Inclusion of the ProximityEffect	p. 14
Fabrication of Superconductor/Two-Dimensional-Electron-Gas Structures	p. 21
Two-Dimensional Electron Gases	p. 21
Two-Dimensional Electron Gases in Inversion Layers	p. 21
Two-Dimensional Electron Gases in Heterostructures	p. 24
Fabrication of Superconductor/Two-Dimensional-Electron-Gas/Superconductor Junctions	p. 26
Junctions Based on a Surface Inversion Layer	p. 27
Junctions Based on a Buried Two-Dimensional Electron Gas	p. 28
Transport Studies on Single Superconductor/Two-Dimensional-Electron-Gas Interfaces	p. 31
Effect of the Surface Treatment	p. 31
Preparation of Single S/2DEG Contacts	p. 31
Samples Cleaned byWet Chemical Etching	p. 33
Ar⁺ Sputter Cleaning	p. 36
Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Cleaning	p. 41
Point Contact Spectroscopy	p. 43
Superconductor/Two-Dimensional-Electron-Gas/Superconductor Junctions: Voltage-Carrying State	p. 47
Subharmonic Gap Structures: Theoretical Models	p. 47
Kummel-Gunsenheimer-NicolskyModel	p. 47
Inclusion of Normal Reflection at the SN Interface	p. 49
Octavio-Tinkham-Blonder-Klapwijk Model	p. 51
Inclusion of the ProximityEffect	p. 53
Measurement of the Voltage-Carrying State	p. 56
Andreev Current in S/2DEG/S Structures	p. 56
Subharmonic Gap Structures	p. 57
Subharmonic Gap Structures and the ProximityEffect	p. 60
Resonant Structures and Interference Effects	p. 61
Josephson Current in Superconductor/Two-Dimensional-Electron-Gas Junctions	p. 65
Theoretical Description of the Supercurrent in an S/2DEG/S Junction	p. 65
Supercurrent in an Ideal One-Dimensional SNS Junction	p. 66
Supercurrent in a General One-Dimensional SNS Junction	p. 68
Supercurrent in a Junction with a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas	p. 75
Supercurrent in a Junction with ProximityLayers	p. 76
Measurements of the Superconductive State	p. 77
Current-Voltage Characteristics	p. 78
Effect of a Magnetic Field	p. 83
Hysteresis	p. 86
Self-Detection of Josephson Radiation	p. 88
Light Exposure	p. 89
Gate-Controlled Superconductor/Two-Dimensional-Electron-Gas Junctions	p. 95
The Josephson Field Effect Transistor	p. 95
Interference Effects	p. 100
Critical-Current Oscillations	p. 100
Mesoscopic Fluctuations and Localization Effects	p. 102
Superconducting Quantum Point Contacts	p. 105
Nonequilibrium Josephson Current	p. 111
Supercurrent Control byNonequilibrium Carriers: Theoretical Concepts	p. 111
Carrier Injection in a Three-Terminal Structure	p. 112
Carrier Injection in a Four-Terminal Junction	p. 117
Supercurrent Control byNonequilibrium Carriers: Experiments	p. 121
Carrier Injection in an InAs Step Junction	p. 121
Multiterminal Josephson Junctions	p. 123
Local Suppression of the Josephson Current	p. 130
Conclusion	p. 133
References	p. 135
Index	p. 143
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Superconductor/Semiconductor Junctions

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