Springer Materials Science

Advanced Materials Processing and Characterization

By: Yoshio Waseda (Editor), Atsushi Muramatsu (Editor)

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Hardcover | 8 October 2003 | Edition Number 10

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284 Pages

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23.5 x 15.88 x 1.91

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A broad array of new engineered materials, with intricate atomic and molecular architecture for sophisticated functional applications in the computer and electronics industries, is under development. For this purpose, there is an urgent need for novel methods for precisely controlling the morphology of particulate materials. This book represents an extended introductory treatise on the fundamental aspects, new methods for the precise control of morphology (size, shape, composition, structure etc.) and accurate materials characterization, from both the basic science and the applied engineering viewpoints. This is the first major compilation of new advances covering the current status and topics related to the processing and production of precisely controlled materials. It provides a unique source of information and guidance for specialists and non-specialists alike.

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Mechanical Engineering & Materials Materials Science Technology in General Engineering in General Nanotechnology Science Physics Materials & States of Matter Mechanical Engineering

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Published: 1st December 2010

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Fundamentals of Processing for Morphology-Controlled Materials
Morphology Control in Size Reduction Processes	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Shape of Particles	p. 4
Shapes of Fragments when Grinding a Single Brittle Particle	p. 4
Shape Control by Grinding	p. 7
Shape Control by Sieving	p. 7
Shape Change by Grinding and Its Separation	p. 8
Morphology and Structure of Materials During Grinding	p. 10
Mechanical Activation by Grinding	p. 10
Polymorphic Transformation of Materials by Dry Grinding	p. 11
Synthesis of Inorganic Materials from Their Constituents by Dry Grinding	p. 13
Synthesis of Inorganic Materials in Wet Grinding	p. 17
Synthesis of Inorganic Compounds from Inorganic and Organic Materials by Dry Grinding	p. 17
Mechanochemical-Soft Solution Processes	p. 17
Morphology Control in Pharmaceutical Products	p. 20
References	p. 22
Liquid-Phase Processing	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
Shape Control	p. 25
Basic Principles	p. 25
Gel-Sol Method	p. 30
Control of Crystallinity	p. 40
Size and Size Distribution Control	p. 48
References	p. 60
Novel Method of Morphology Control
Stratified Materials Synthesized in Liquid-Phase	p. 65
The Stratified Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution	p. 65
Synthesis and Characterization of the Stratified-ZnS Photocatalyst	p. 66
Formation Scheme of the Stratified-ZnS Photocatalyst	p. 67
Hydrogen Evolution by Means of the Stratified-ZnS Photocatalyst	p. 69
Photocatalytic Reaction Mechanisms of Stratified-ZnS Photocatalyst	p. 70
Synthesis and Characterization of the Stratified CdS Photocatalyst	p. 71
Efficiency of the Stratified CdS Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production	p. 72
The Role of Stratified Structure	p. 74
Hydrogen Evolution Under Sunlight by Means of the Stratified-CdS Photocatalyst	p. 75
Nano-Structure and Photocatalytic Property of Stratified ZnS Thin Films	p. 76
Synthesis of ZnS Thin Film by Chemical Bath Deposition	p. 76
Characterization and Measurement of Photocatalytic Activity of ZnS Thin Film	p. 77
Morphology of CBD ZnS Film	p. 77
Photocatalytic Property of the CBD ZnS Thin Film	p. 78
Nano-structure in CBD ZnS Thin Film	p. 78
Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Activity on Carbon Nanotubes	p. 80
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes	p. 80
Stratified ZnS Photocatalyst on Carbon Nanotubes	p. 81
Local Analyses of Stratified ZnS on Carbon Nanotubes	p. 82
References	p. 84
Well-Dispersed Bimetallic Nanoparticles	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
Principal Synthesis Procedures of Metal Nanoparticles in Liquid Phase	p. 87
Alcohol Reduction of Metal Salts	p. 88
Photolysis	p. 88
Reduction of Metal Ions by Hydrogen	p. 89
Sonochemical Reduction of Metal Ions	p. 89
Reduction of Metal Ions by Citrates and Hydrazines	p. 90
Reduction of Metal Ions by Hydroborates	p. 91
Decomposition of Organometallic Compounds	p. 92
Electrochemical Reduction of Metal Ions	p. 92
Preparation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Liquid Phase	p. 93
Simultaneous Reduction of Metal Ions	p. 94
Successive Reduction of Metal Ions	p. 98
Reduction from Bimetallic Complexes	p. 99
Electrochemical Preparation of Bimetallic Nanoparticles	p. 99
Addition of Metal Ions to the Particles	p. 100
Characterization of Bimetallic Nanoparticles	p. 100
UV-Vis Spectroscopy	p. 100
Electron Microscopic Observation	p. 100
X-ray Methods	p. 102
Analysis by Chemical Probes	p. 105
Conclusion	p. 108
References	p. 108
Porous Materials Controlled in Shape	p. 113
Classification of Porous Materials	p. 113
Structure of Zeolite and Related Materials	p. 115
Synthesis of Zeolites	p. 116
Hydrothermal Synthesis Method	p. 116
Dry Gel Conversion Methods	p. 118
Morphology Control of Zeolites	p. 120
Zeolite Synthesis by the Vapor Phase Transport Method	p. 120
Zeolite Synthesis by the Steam-Assisted Crystallization (SAC) Method	p. 121
Synthesis of Metallosilicate by the Dry Gel Conversion Method	p. 124
Fabrication of Zeolite Membrane by the Dry Gel Conversion Method	p. 124
Role of Water in the Course of Crystallization in the Dry Gel Conversion Method	p. 125
Conclusion	p. 126
References	p. 126
Surface Control	p. 129
Preparation of Nanoparticles	p. 129
Selective Deposition of Nanoparticles	p. 137
Selective Deposition of Gold Nanoparticles on Well-Defined Materials	p. 139
Selective Deposition of Pt Nanoparticles on Well-Defined Materials	p. 143
Reductive Deposition of Nanoparticles on Monodispersed Particles	p. 146
References	p. 147
Characterization
Fundamentals of Characterization	p. 153
Introduction	p. 153
X-ray Diffraction	p. 154
Principles of X-ray Diffraction	p. 154
Application of Powder X-ray Diffraction	p. 158
Electron Microscopy	p. 162
Principles of Electron Microscopy	p. 162
Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Morphology Analysis	p. 166
Application of Transmission Electron Microscopy	p. 167
Analytical Electron Microscopy	p. 172
Principles of Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy	p. 173
Application ofElectron Energy-loss Spectroscopy	p. 174
Application of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy	p. 179
References	p. 180
Photocatalytic Properties: Effect of Size, Shape and Surface Structures of Fine Particles	p. 183
General Aspects	p. 183
Methods for Preparing Semiconductor Nanoparticles	p. 183
Crystal Structures	p. 184
Change of Electronic Structures Induced in Nanoparticles	p. 185
Surface Structures of Nanosized Semiconductors	p. 186
Photocatalysis of Semiconductor Nanoparticles	p. 186
Metal Sulfides	p. 187
Size Effect on Photocatalysis	p. 187
Importance of Surface Structure in Photocatalysis	p. 188
Importance of Adsorptive Activation of Substrates in Photocatalysis	p. 189
Metal Oxides	p. 190
Preparation of Nanosized TiO₂	p. 190
Crystallinity and Photocatalysis of TiO₂	p. 194
Surface Morphology of TiO₂ Affecting on its Photocatalysis	p. 195
Future Aspects	p. 197
References	p. 198
Surface Characteristics	p. 201
Overview of Nanoparticles and Nanowires	p. 201
Template Synthesis of Metal Nanowires in Porous Materials	p. 202
Metal Nanowires in Mesoporous Silicas MCM-41 and SBA-15	p. 202
Template Synthesis and Catalysis of Metal Nanowires in Mesoporous Silicas FSM-16 and HMM-1	p. 204
Metal Nanowires in Anodic Alumina Membrane	p. 213
Metal Nanowires in Carbon Nanotubes	p. 215
Various Syntheses of Metal Nanowires	p. 216
Conclusion	p. 218
References	p. 219
Structural Characterization of Surface and Morphology of Materials Using X-ray Scattering	p. 223
Introduction	p. 223
Fundamentals of the GIXS Method	p. 224
Structure of Thin Oxide Films Grown on an Iron-Base Alloy Surface	p. 229
Characterization for Morphology of Thin Deposited Films on a Silicon Wafer	p. 236
Structure of Surface Layers in Crystalline Metals	p. 242
Structure of Surface Layers of Nanometer-Sized Crystalline Particles	p. 246
Conclusion	p. 253
References	p. 254
Index	p. 257
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Springer Materials Science

Advanced Materials Processing and Characterization

At a Glance

Hardcover

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