| Foreword | p. ix |
| List of Figures | p. xvii |
| Preface | p. xxiii |
| An Introduction to Spatial Databases | p. 1 |
| Database Management Systems (DBMSs) | p. 3 |
| Basic Description and Main Features | p. 3 |
| Modeling Applications | p. 6 |
| Physical Data Management | p. 8 |
| Vocabulary in Geospatial Database Applications | p. 9 |
| Theme | p. 9 |
| Geographic Objects | p. 9 |
| Geospatial Data Manipulation | p. 11 |
| Simple Operations on Themes | p. 12 |
| Further Theme Operations | p. 18 |
| Other Typical GIS Operations | p. 20 |
| DBMS Support for Geospatial Data | p. 21 |
| Use of a Relational DBMS | p. 22 |
| Loosely Coupled Approach | p. 24 |
| Integrated Approach Based on DBMS Extensibility | p. 25 |
| Requirements for a Spatial DBMS | p. 25 |
| Bibliographic Notes | p. 26 |
| Representation of Spatial Objects | p. 29 |
| Geographic Space Modeling | p. 31 |
| Entity-Based Models | p. 31 |
| Field-Based Models | p. 34 |
| Representation Modes | p. 35 |
| Tessellation | p. 35 |
| Vector Mode | p. 38 |
| Half-Plane Representation | p. 42 |
| Representing the Geometry of a Collection of Objects | p. 46 |
| Spaghetti Model | p. 47 |
| Network Model | p. 47 |
| Topological Model | p. 49 |
| Spatial Data Formats and Exchange Standards | p. 51 |
| Overview of Current Spatial Data Formats | p. 52 |
| The TIGER/Line Data Format | p. 54 |
| Recent Standardization Initiatives | p. 61 |
| Bibliographic Notes | p. 64 |
| Logical Models and Query Languages | p. 69 |
| Reference Schemas | p. 71 |
| Administrative Units (Schema 1) | p. 71 |
| Highway Network Among Cities (Schema 2) | p. 72 |
| Land Use (Schema 3) | p. 72 |
| Reference Queries | p. 73 |
| Spatial Abstract Data Types | p. 75 |
| Extending Data Models with Spatial ADTs | p. 75 |
| Designing Spatial ADTs | p. 80 |
| Exploring Relationships Between Spatial Objects: Topological Predicates | p. 85 |
| Relational Models Extended with ADT | p. 88 |
| Representation of the Reference Schemas | p. 89 |
| Reference Queries | p. 92 |
| Object-Oriented Models | p. 100 |
| A Brief Overview of Object-Oriented DBMS | p. 100 |
| Representation of Reference Schemas | p. 101 |
| Spatial Classes | p. 104 |
| Reference Queries | p. 106 |
| Bibliographic Notes | p. 108 |
| The Constraint Data Model | p. 113 |
| Spatial Data Modeling with Constraints | p. 114 |
| Point Sets as Infinite Relations | p. 115 |
| Finitely Representing Infinite Relations | p. 117 |
| Evaluating Queries on Infinite Instances | p. 120 |
| Summary of the Constraint Data Model | p. 122 |
| The Linear Constraint Data Model | p. 123 |
| Data Representation | p. 124 |
| Query Languages: First-Order Queries | p. 125 |
| Query Languages: Algebraic Queries | p. 128 |
| Modeling Entity-Based Data | p. 134 |
| Nested Relations | p. 134 |
| Queries | p. 136 |
| Modeling Field-Based Data and Moving Objects | p. 139 |
| Elevation Data | p. 140 |
| Moving Objects | p. 141 |
| Queries on Field-Based Data and Moving Points | p. 143 |
| Bibliographic Notes | p. 145 |
| Computational Geometry | p. 149 |
| An Introduction to Computational Geometry | p. 150 |
| Background | p. 150 |
| Basic Concepts of Algorithms | p. 151 |
| Algorithm Analysis | p. 152 |
| Optimality | p. 153 |
| Data Structures | p. 155 |
| Useful Algorithmic Strategies | p. 157 |
| Incremental Algorithms: The Convex-Hull Example | p. 157 |
| Divide-and-Conquer Strategy: The Half-Plane Intersection Example | p. 161 |
| Sweep-Line Method: The Rectangle Intersection Example | p. 164 |
| Polygon Partitioning | p. 167 |
| Trapezoidalization of a Simple Polygon | p. 168 |
| Triangulation of Simple Polygons | p. 170 |
| Convex Partitioning | p. 173 |
| Algorithms for Spatial Databases | p. 175 |
| Area Size of a Polygon and Related Operations | p. 176 |
| Point in Polygon | p. 177 |
| Polyline Intersections | p. 179 |
| Polygon Intersections | p. 186 |
| Windowing and Clipping | p. 192 |
| Bibliographic Notes | p. 197 |
| General Sources | p. 197 |
| Sources on Algorithms | p. 198 |
| Spatial Access Methods | p. 201 |
| Issues in SAM Design | p. 204 |
| What Is Expected of a SAM? | p. 205 |
| Illustration with a B+Tree | p. 206 |
| Space-Driven Versus Data-Driven SAMs | p. 207 |
| Space-Driven Structures | p. 208 |
| The Grid File | p. 209 |
| The Linear Quadtree | p. 219 |
| The z-Ordering Tree | p. 227 |
| Remarks on Linear SAM | p. 237 |
| Data-Driven Structures: The R-Tree | p. 237 |
| The Original R-Tree | p. 238 |
| The R*Tree | p. 252 |
| R-Tree Packing | p. 255 |
| The R+Tree | p. 257 |
| Cost Models | p. 259 |
| Bibliographic Notes | p. 261 |
| Query Processing | p. 267 |
| An Introduction to Query Processing | p. 269 |
| Two Optimal I/O Algorithms | p. 271 |
| External Sort/Merge | p. 271 |
| Distribution Sweeping (Rectangle Intersection) | p. 274 |
| Spatial Join | p. 279 |
| z-Ordering Spatial Join | p. 280 |
| Joining Two R-Trees | p. 284 |
| Spatial Hash Join | p. 288 |
| Complex Queries | p. 292 |
| Query Execution Plans | p. 292 |
| Spatial Joins with Refinement Step | p. 296 |
| Multiway Joins | p. 300 |
| Bibliographic Notes | p. 303 |
| Commercial Systems | p. 311 |
| An Introduction to Commercial Systems | p. 312 |
| How to Read This Chapter | p. 312 |
| Interacting with a GIS or with a Spatial DBMS | p. 315 |
| ArcInfo | p. 317 |
| Functionalities of ArcInfo | p. 317 |
| Spatial and Topological Information in ArcInfo | p. 319 |
| Representation of Sample Schemas | p. 328 |
| Querying with ArcInfo | p. 332 |
| ArcView GIS | p. 341 |
| ArcView Spatial Model | p. 342 |
| Querying with ArcView | p. 343 |
| Smallworld | p. 347 |
| Smallworld Spatial Data Model | p. 347 |
| Querying with Smallworld Object Browser | p. 348 |
| Discussion | p. 351 |
| Oracle Extension for Handling Spatial Data | p. 352 |
| Introduction to Oracle Spatial | p. 352 |
| Spatial Data Model | p. 353 |
| Spatial Operations | p. 355 |
| Spatial Indexing and Query Processing | p. 357 |
| PostgreSQL | p. 360 |
| Geometric Types and Operators | p. 361 |
| Creating the Database | p. 363 |
| Expressing Queries | p. 364 |
| Bibliographic Notes | p. 368 |
| Bibliography | p. 373 |
| Index | p. 395 |
| About the Authors | p. 409 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
