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Soft Multihadron Dynamics

By: W Kittel, E A De Wolf

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Hardcover | 13 May 2005

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668 Pages

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22.7 x 15.9 x 4.0

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This book gives a comprehensive account of the development and present status of the field of soft (i.e. non-perturbative) phenomena encountered in the production of (multi-) hadronic final states by the collision of various types of particles at high energies. Phenomenological models used to describe the data are in general inspired by Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) and the book repeatedly crosses the border - if at all existent - between soft (non-perturbative) and hard (perturbative) QCD.

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Non-Fiction Science Physics Nuclear Physics Particle & High-Energy Physics Quantum Physics & Quantum Mechanics & Quantum Field Theory Mathematics Applied Mathematics Chaos Theory Booktopia Publisher Services World Scientific Publishing

Total Cross Sections and Diffraction	p. 1
Introduction and synopsis	p. 1
Preliminaries	p. 5
DIS kinematics and cross sections	p. 5
Regge formalism	p. 7
Data on total and elastic cross sections	p. 10
Energy dependence of hadronic total cross sections	p. 10
The [gamma]*p total cross section at HERA	p. 14
Parton densities and the gluon	p. 17
Elastic scattering	p. 20
Inelastic diffraction	p. 30
Experimental signatures	p. 30
Hadron-hadron inelastic diffraction	p. 31
Inclusive diffraction at HERA	p. 33
Hard diffraction at the Tevatron	p. 40
A generic picture of high energy collisions	p. 44
Unitarity	p. 44
Elastic diffraction and shrinkage	p. 46
Inelastic diffraction as a regeneration process	p. 47
Ioffe time	p. 49
The Gribov-Feynman parton model	p. 50
Models for diffraction	p. 55
Diffraction and partons: the Miettinen and Pumplin model	p. 55
Modern QCD models of diffraction	p. 57
Summary	p. 65
Inclusive and Exclusive Data Analysis in LPS, Event Shape	p. 81
General scheme	p. 81
Inclusive LPS analysis and its variables	p. 83
Longitudinal and transverse momenta	p. 83
The Feynman variable x	p. 88
Longitudinal rapidities	p. 91
The variable [xi]	p. 95
Exclusive LPS analysis and its variables	p. 95
Definitions	p. 95
Phase-space effects	p. 96
Kinematics	p. 100
Deviations from longitudinal phase space (event shape)	p. 102
The variables	p. 102
e[superscript +]e[superscript -] collisions	p. 104
Lepton-hadron collisions	p. 109
Hadron-hadron collisions	p. 110
Three-Particle Exclusive Final States	p. 117
Shape and energy dependence	p. 117
Correlation between transverse and longitudinal variables	p. 122
The prism plot	p. 124
Isospin analysis	p. 127
Partial wave analysis	p. 129
Analytical multichannel analysis	p. 133
Conclusions	p. 140
Single-Particle Inclusive Distributions	p. 145
e[superscript +]e[superscript -] collisions	p. 145
Longitudinal, transverse and asymmetry fragmentation functions	p. 146
Leading-particle effect	p. 148
Charge ordering	p. 150
The humpbacked shape	p. 152
The energy evolution of the peak position	p. 153
The higher moments	p. 155
The mass dependence of the fragmentation function	p. 155
Quark- and gluon-jet differences	p. 155
Hadronic production rates	p. 159
Lepton-hadron collisions	p. 161
(Early) observations in hadron-hadron collisions	p. 165
Single-particle (and resonance) inclusive spectra	p. 166
Particle yields	p. 176
Reflection of the valence quark distribution	p. 184
Jet universality	p. 187
Conclusions	p. 197
Early Models	p. 209
Additive quark model and quark combinatorics	p. 210
The central region	p. 210
The fragmentation region	p. 212
Quark counting rules and perturbative QCD-based approach	p. 215
Hard processes	p. 215
Soft processes	p. 217
Perturbative QCD diagrams	p. 220
The quark recombination model	p. 222
The idea	p. 222
Detailed modelling	p. 223
Specific choices of structure and recombination functions	p. 224
The valon model	p. 227
Two-particle distributions	p. 230
Suppression of valence recombination	p. 234
The fusion model	p. 237
Hyperon polarization	p. 238
Conclusions	p. 243
Fragmentation Models	p. 253
Fragmentation models for e[superscript +]e[superscript -] collisions	p. 253
The perturbative phase	p. 254
The hadronization or fragmentation phase	p. 258
Deep inelastic collisions	p. 268
Soft hadron-hadron collisions	p. 269
The Lund fragmentation scheme	p. 269
Dual Parton Models (DPM)	p. 272
The Fritiof model	p. 279
A first comparison of Lund, Fritiof and DPM	p. 281
QFM versus QRM? - Unification Efforts	p. 283
Parton-based Gribov-Regge theory	p. 286
Geometrical branching and ECCO	p. 286
Conclusions	p. 288
Correlations and Fluctuations, the Formalism	p. 297
Definitions and notation	p. 297
Exclusive and inclusive densities	p. 297
Cumulant correlation functions	p. 299
Correlations for particles of different species	p. 301
Semi-inclusive correlation functions	p. 302
Factorial and cumulant moments	p. 303
Combinants	p. 306
Cell-averaged factorial moments and cumulants; generalized moments	p. 307
Multivariate distributions	p. 309
Poisson-noise suppression	p. 312
Sum-rules	p. 315
Scaling laws	p. 316
Bunching-parameter approach	p. 319
The wavelet transform	p. 321
Levy stable distributions	p. 322
Final-State Multiplicity	p. 329
Full phase space	p. 329
Average multiplicity and its energy dependence	p. 329
The shape of the multiplicity distribution and its energy dependence	p. 342
Higher moments	p. 349
Limited phase-space domains	p. 352
Shape and energy dependence	p. 352
Negative-binomial fits	p. 355
Interpretation	p. 357
Beyond the negative binomial	p. 361
Information-entropy scaling	p. 368
Rapidity gap probability	p. 370
Forward-backward correlations	p. 373
Conclusions	p. 378
Experimental Results on Correlations	p. 393
Rapidity correlations	p. 394
Correlations in hadron-hadron collisions	p. 395
Correlations in e[superscript +]e[superscript -] and [mu superscript +]p-collisions	p. 399
Quantum number dependence	p. 402
Charged-particle multiplicity dependence	p. 406
Transverse momentum dependence	p. 406
Azimuthal correlations	p. 408
Angular correlations on the parton level	p. 413
Correlations in invariant mass	p. 415
Three-particle rapidity correlations	p. 420
Summary and conclusions	p. 422
Multiplicity Fluctuations and Intermittency	p. 429
Prelude	p. 429
Normalized factorial moments	p. 430
The method	p. 430
Results on log-log plots (in one dimension)	p. 432
Model predictions	p. 433
A warning	p. 439
Higher dimensions	p. 440
The projection effect	p. 440
Transformed momentum space	p. 442
A generalized power law	p. 446
Thermal versus non-thermal phase transition	p. 449
Self-affinity	p. 452
Dependences of the intermittency effect	p. 456
Charge dependence	p. 456
Rapidity dependence	p. 458
Transverse-momentum dependence	p. 458
Dependence on jet topology	p. 460
Energy and multiplicity (density) dependence	p. 462
Factorial cumulants	p. 463
Factorial correlators	p. 469
The method	p. 469
Results	p. 469
Interpretation	p. 471
Multifractal behavior	p. 473
Factorial moments of continuous order	p. 474
Experimental results	p. 475
Bunching parameters	p. 477
Density and correlation strip-integrals	p. 478
The method	p. 478
Results	p. 479
Genuine higher-order correlations	p. 480
Transverse-momentum and multiplicity dependence (revisited)	p. 483
Bose-Einstein correlations versus QCD effects	p. 483
Analytical QCD predictions	p. 485
The QCD framework	p. 485
Two-particle angular correlations	p. 486
Fluctuations in one- and two-dimensional angular regions	p. 489
In (transverse-)momentum cut phase space	p. 492
Individual Events	p. 493
Single-event intermittency	p. 493
Erraticity	p. 494
Void analysis	p. 496
Entropy	p. 499
Levy stable distributions	p. 500
Summary and conclusions	p. 501
Bose-Einstein Correlations	p. 517
Pion interferometry	p. 517
The Lorentz invariant (Goldhaber) form	p. 518
The Kopylov-Podgoretskii parametrization	p. 519
Emission function and Wigner function	p. 519
String models	p. 521
The strength parameter [lambda]	p. 522
The reference sample	p. 523
Coulomb correction	p. 524
(Early) results in one dimension	p. 526
Dependence on energy and type of collision	p. 526
The multiplicity (or density) dependence	p. 528
Four types of Monte-Carlo implementation	p. 531
Conclusions so far	p. 532
Other bosons and fermions	p. 533
The [Pi superscript 0 Pi superscript 0] system	p. 533
The K[superscript plus or minus]K[superscript plus or minus] system	p. 533
The K[superscript 0 subscript S]K[superscript 0 subscript S] system	p. 534
[Lambda superscript 0 Lambda superscript 0]	p. 535
pp and pp	p. 535
(Transverse) mass dependence of the radius parameter	p. 535
Conclusions so far	p. 538
Higher-order Bose-Einstein correlations	p. 538
The formalism	p. 538
Experimental results	p. 541
Genuine three-particle correlations	p. 543
Summary	p. 546
The functional form of the correlation	p. 546
Multi-dimensional parametrization and shape of the source	p. 551
Directional dependence	p. 551
The Bertsch-Pratt Cartesian parametrization [176,177]	p. 553
The generalized Yano-Koonin-Podgoretskii scheme	p. 558
The Buda-Lund parametrization	p. 559
Longitudinal expansion and decoupling time	p. 560
Duration of pion emission	p. 560
The transverse flow	p. 561
The decoupling volume	p. 563
Examples of models and parametrizations	p. 564
Combined analysis of two-particle correlations and single-particle spectra	p. 565
Azimuthally sensitive analysis	p. 573
WW overlap	p. 575
Modification of multiplicity and single-particle spectra	p. 579
Density matrix formalism	p. 579
Independent particle emission	p. 580
The case of a Gaussian density matrix	p. 584
Charge ratios	p. 587
Conclusions	p. 590
Index	p. 605
Figure Credits	p. 639
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Soft Multihadron Dynamics

At a Glance

Hardcover

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