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Smart Electronic Materials

Fundamentals and Applications

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Hardcover | 30 May 2005

At a Glance

Hardcover
432 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
24.41 x 16.99 x 2.39

Hardcover

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$159.75

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Smart materials respond rapidly to external stimuli to alter their physical properties. They are used in devices that are driving advances in modern information technology and have applications in electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, memories and other areas. This book fully explains the physical properties of these materials, including semiconductors, dielectrics, ferroelectrics, ferromagnetics and organic polymers. Fundamental concepts are consistently connected to their real-world applications. It covers structural issues, electronic properties, transport properties, polarization-related properties and magnetic properties of a wide range of smart materials. The book contains carefully chosen worked examples to convey important concepts and has many end-of-chapter problems. It is written for first year graduate students in electrical engineering, materials science or applied physics programs. It is also an invaluable book for engineers working in industry or research laboratories. A solution manual and a set of useful viewgraphs are also available for instructors.

Industry Reviews

Smart Electronic Materials is a valuable guide for instructors who want to design their own courses on smart materials...mostly succeeds in its aim of offering readers basic skills to understand properties of diverse materials relevant in today's information-technology-based society." Siegfried Bauer, Physics Today

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Non-Fiction Engineering & Technology Energy Technology & Engineering Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering & Materials Materials Science Electronics & Communications Engineering Electronics Engineering Other Technologies & Applied Sciences Applied Optics Science Physics

Applied Physics

Preface	p. xi
Introduction	p. xiii
Smart materials: an introduction	p. xiii
Input-output decision ability	p. xiv
Device based on conductivity changes	p. xiv
Device based on changes in optical response	p. xv
Biological systems: nature's smart materials	p. xix
Role of this book	p. xxii
Structural Properties	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Crystaline materials	p. 1
Basic lattice types	p. 2
Some important crystal structures	p. 5
Notation to denote planes and points in a lattice: Miller indices	p. 12
Artificial structures: superlattices and quantum wells	p. 16
Surfaces: ideal versus real	p. 17
Interfaces	p. 19
Defects in crystals	p. 20
Heterostructures	p. 23
Non-crystalline materials	p. 24
Polycrystalline materials	p. 25
Amorphous and glassy materials	p. 26
Liquid crystals	p. 27
Organic materials	p. 31
Summary	p. 31
Problems	p. 33
Further reading	p. 37
Quantum Mechanics and Electronic Levels	p. 39
Introduction	p. 39
Need for quantum description	p. 40
Some experiments that ushered in the quantum age	p. 40
Schrodinger equation and physical observables	p. 48
Wave amplitude	p. 52
Waves, wavepackets, and uncertainty	p. 54
Particles in an attractive potential: bound states	p. 57
Electronic levels in a hydrogen atom	p. 58
Particle in a quantum well	p. 62
Harmonic oscillator problem	p. 67
From atoms to molecules: coupled wells	p. 69
Electrons in crystalline solids	p. 77
Electrons in a uniform potential	p. 80
Particle in a periodic potential: Bloch theorem	p. 85
Kronig-Penney model for bandstructure	p. 87
Summary	p. 93
Problems	p. 93
Further reading	p. 99
Electronic Levels in Solids	p. 100
Introduction	p. 100
Occupation of states: distribution function	p. 100
Metals, insulators, and superconductors	p. 104
Holes in semiconductors	p. 104
Bands in organic and molecular semiconductors	p. 107
Normal and superconducting states	p. 108
Bandstructure of some important semiconductors	p. 110
Direct and indirect semiconductors: effective mass	p. 111
Mobile carriers	p. 116
Electrons in metals	p. 117
Mobile carriers in pure semiconductors	p. 120
Doping of semiconductors	p. 126
Tailoring electronic properties	p. 131
Electronic properties of alloys	p. 131
Electronic properties of quantum wells	p. 132
Localized states in solids	p. 136
Disordered materials: extended and localized states	p. 138
Summary	p. 141
Problems	p. 141
Further reading	p. 146
Charge Transport in Materials	p. 148
Introduction	p. 148
An overview of electronic states	p. 149
Transport and scattering	p. 151
Scattering of electrons	p. 154
Macroscopic transport properties	p. 162
Velocity-electric field relations in semiconductors	p. 162
Carrier transport by diffusion	p. 173
Transport by drift and diffusion: Einstein's relation	p. 175
Important devices based on conductivity changes	p. 178
Field effect transistor	p. 179
Bipolar junction devices	p. 184
Transport in non-crystalline materials	p. 186
Electron and hole transport in disordered systems	p. 187
Ionic conduction	p. 191
Important non-crystalline electronic devices	p. 193
Thin film transistor	p. 193
Gas sensors	p. 195
Summary	p. 195
Problems	p. 199
Further reading	p. 200
Light Absorption and Emission	p. 202
Introduction	p. 202
Important material systems	p. 204
Optical processes in semiconductors	p. 207
Optical absorption and emission	p. 210
Chargei injection, quasi-Fermi levels, and recombination	p. 219
Optical absorption, loss, and gain	p. 225
Optical processes in quantum wells	p. 226
Important semiconductor optoelectronic devices	p. 231
Light detectors and solar cells	p. 231
Light emitting diode	p. 238
Laser diode	p. 243
Organic semiconductors: optical processes & devices	p. 251
Excitonic state	p. 252
Summary	p. 255
Problems	p. 255
Further reading	p. 262
Dielectric Response: Polarization Effects	p. 264
Introduction	p. 264
Polarization in materials: dielectric response	p. 265
Dielectric response: some definitions	p. 265
Ferroelectric dielectric response	p. 273
Tailoring polarization: piezoelectric effect	p. 275
Tailoring polarization: pyroelectric effect	p. 285
Device applications of polar materials	p. 287
Ferroelectric memory	p. 287
Strain sensor and accelerometer	p. 288
Ultrasound generation	p. 289
Infrared detection using pyroelectric devices	p. 289
Summary	p. 291
Problems	p. 291
Further reading	p. 295
Optical Modulation and Switching	p. 296
Introduction	p. 296
Light propagation in materials	p. 297
Modulation of optical properties	p. 302
Electro-optic effect	p. 303
Electro-absorption modulation	p. 309
Optical modulation devices	p. 312
Electro-optic modulators	p. 316
Interferroelectric modulators	p. 318
Summary	p. 323
Problems	p. 325
Further reading	p. 325
Magnetic Effects in Solids	p. 326
Introduction	p. 326
Magnetic materials	p. 326
Electromagnetic field magnetic materials	p. 327
Physical basis for magnetic properties	p. 331
Coherent transport: quantum interference	p. 335
Aharonov Bohm effect	p. 335
Quantum interference in superconducting materials	p. 338
Diamagnetic and paramagnetic effects	p. 340
Diamagnetic effect	p. 340
Paramagnetic effect	p. 341
Paramagnetism in the conduction electrons in metals	p. 345
Ferromagnetic effects	p. 346
Exchange interaction and ferromagnetism	p. 346
Antiferromagnetic ordering	p. 348
Applications in magnetic devices	p. 352
Quantum interference devices	p. 352
Application example: cooling by demagnetization	p. 354
Magneto-optic modulators	p. 355
Application example: magnetic recording	p. 357
Giant magnetic resistance (GMR) devices	p. 359
Summary	p. 359
Problems	p. 359
Further reading	p. 362
Important Properties of Semiconductors	p. 363
P-N Diode: A Summary	p. 368
Introduction	p. 368
P-N junction	p. 368
P-N Junction under bias	p. 372
Fermi Golden Rule	p. 380
Lattice Vibrations and Phonons	p. 386
Defect Scattering and Mobility	p. 393
Alloy scattering	p. 393
Screened Coulombic scattering	p. 396
Ionized impurity limited mobility	p. 400
Alloy scattering limited mobility	p. 402
Index	p. 404
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Smart Electronic Materials

Fundamentals and Applications

At a Glance

Hardcover

Industry Reviews

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