| Preface | p. v |
| Introduction | p. xiii |
| Introductory | p. xix |
| The Nature of Philosophy | |
| Philosophic Thought before Philosophy in the Strict Sense | p. 3 |
| Introduction | |
| Primitive tradition | p. 4 |
| The Semites and the Egyptians | |
| The Indo-Europeans | p. 5 |
| The Persians | |
| The Indians | p. 6 |
| Brahmanism | |
| Buddhism | p. 11 |
| Other schools | p. 13 |
| The Chinese | p. 14 |
| Limitations of human wisdom | p. 18 |
| The Greeks the chosen people of reason | p. 19 |
| The Pre-Socratic Philosophers | p. 21 |
| The Sages | |
| The Ionians | p. 22 |
| Thales and his successors | |
| The great physicists | p. 24 |
| Heraclitus | |
| Democritus | p. 26 |
| Anaxagoras | p. 27 |
| The Italians: Pythagoras | p. 28 |
| The Eleatics: Parmenides | p. 32 |
| The Sophists and Socrates | p. 34 |
| Introduction | |
| The sophists | p. 35 |
| Socrates | p. 37 |
| Ethics and knowledge | p. 38 |
| Irony, maieutic, dialectic | p. 39 |
| Moderate intellectualism | p. 40 |
| Plato and Aristotle | p. 42 |
| The minor Socratics | |
| Plato | p. 43 |
| His theory of ideas | |
| His system of philosophy | p. 45 |
| Its limitations | p. 47 |
| Aristotle | p. 48 |
| Corrections of Plato | p. 49 |
| The Aristotelian system | p. 52 |
| Aristotle's works | p. 56 |
| Aristotle and St. Thomas | p. 60 |
| Philosophia perennis | p. 62 |
| Definition of Philosophy | p. 64 |
| Scientific knowledge | |
| Its material object | p. 67 |
| Its formal object | |
| Conclusion I | p. 69 |
| Further considerations | |
| Philosophy and the Special Sciences | p. 71 |
| Philosophy judges the special sciences | |
| It governs them | p. 72 |
| It defends them | p. 76 |
| It is pre-eminently free | p. 77 |
| Further observations | |
| Conclusion II | p. 81 |
| Philosophy and Theology | p. 82 |
| Nature of theology | |
| Theology judges philosophy | p. 83 |
| Philosophy submits to theology its conclusions, not its premises | p. 84 |
| Philosophia ancilla theologiae | p. 86 |
| Further considerations | |
| Conclusion III | p. 88 |
| Philosophy and Common Sense | p. 89 |
| Unscientific knowledge | |
| Philosophy is derived from common sense, understood as the natural apprehension of first principles | p. 90 |
| Common sense may accidentally judge philosophy | p. 91 |
| Conclusion IV | |
| The method of philosophy | p. 95 |
| The Classification of Philosophy | |
| The Main Divisions of Philosophy | p. 101 |
| Logic. Theoretical philosophy. Practical philosophy | |
| Their objects | p. 104 |
| Conclusion V | p. 106 |
| Logic | p. 107 |
| Correct reasoning | |
| Ideas and images | p. 108 |
| Conclusion VI | p. 109 |
| Individual and universal | |
| Conclusion VII | p. 111 |
| The problems of universals | |
| Nominalism | |
| Realism | p. 112 |
| Moderate Realism | |
| The Philosophy of Mathematics and the Philosophy of Nature | p. 114 |
| The term body | |
| The philosophy of mathematics | |
| The philosophy of nature | p. 115 |
| Mechanism | p. 116 |
| Dynamism | |
| Hylomorphism | p. 117 |
| Psychology | p. 119 |
| Problem of the origin of ideas | |
| Conclusion VIII | p. 121 |
| Abstraction: Problem of human nature | |
| Conflicting schools | p. 123 |
| Criticism (Epistemology) | p. 126 |
| Being qua being | |
| Criticism | |
| Problem of truth | p. 127 |
| Conclusion IX | p. 129 |
| Conflicting schools | |
| Scepticism | |
| Rationalism | |
| Moderate intellectualism | p. 130 |
| Problem of the object of the intellect | p. 131 |
| Conclusion X | p. 133 |
| Being and intelligibility | |
| Conclusion XI | p. 134 |
| Ontology: Essence | p. 135 |
| Problems of ontology | |
| Essence | p. 136 |
| In the wide sense | p. 137 |
| In the strict sense | p. 139 |
| Characteristics of this essence | p. 141 |
| Conclusion XII | p. 144 |
| Further observations | |
| Our intellect can apprehend essence | p. 146 |
| Conclusion XIII | |
| Further observations | |
| Essence is universal in the mind | p. 148 |
| Conclusion XIV | p. 149 |
| Individual nature and matter | |
| Individual nature | p. 150 |
| First matter | p. 151 |
| Archetypal being | p. 152 |
| Nature, essence, and quiddity | p. 154 |
| Ontology: Substance and Accident | p. 157 |
| Origin of these notions | |
| Substance | p. 161 |
| Conclusion XV | p. 163 |
| Further observations | |
| Accident | p. 165 |
| Conclusion XVI | p. 166 |
| Further observations | |
| Conflicting schools | p. 167 |
| The individuality of substance | p. 170 |
| Substantia prima, substantia secunda | |
| Per se, a se, in se | p. 173 |
| Ontology: Act and Potentiality | p. 176 |
| Origin of these notions | |
| Identity and change | |
| Their apparent incompatibility | p. 177 |
| Solved by the concept potentiality | p. 178 |
| Potency or potentiality | p. 179 |
| Act | p. 180 |
| Conclusion XVII | p. 181 |
| The nature of change | |
| Act and potentiality in things | |
| Axioms i-vii | p. 183 |
| Conflicting schools | p. 185 |
| Terminology | |
| Material and formal | p. 186 |
| Virtual and formal (actual) | p. 188 |
| Implicit and explicit | |
| In express act, in accomplished act | p. 189 |
| Theodicy (Natural Theology) | p. 190 |
| Subsistent being itself | p. 191 |
| The Philosophy of Art; Ethics | p. 193 |
| Introduction | |
| The philosophy of art | |
| Ethics | p. 196 |
| Divisions of ethics | |
| Conflicting schools | p. 199 |
| Conclusion: Classification of philosophy | p. 201 |
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