Rotary Reactor Engineering

By: Daizo Kunii, Tatsu Chisaki

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Hardcover | 1 December 2007

At a Glance

Hardcover
220 Pages

Dimensions(cm)
24.13 x 17.15 x 1.27

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Rotary reactors or rotary kilns are the reactors facilitating the chemical reaction between the gas and solid phases usually at high temperatures.
This book, which is written by an expert in the field, describes the principles of the rotary reactor and the mode of its operation. These reactors are widely used in various chemical process industries (food, pharmaceuticals) and metallurgical industries.
The book defines the physiochemical aspects of the rotart reactors and provides theoretical equations of their operation.
The first part of this book presents the fundamentals; solid movement, conversion of solids, and heat transfer. The middle part of the book applies these equations to a variety of processes which have been developed so far, and shows how they are used. In its last part, conceptual designs of novel rotary reactors are proposed, which performance characteristics are predicted on the basis of above equations, especially, in gasification of solid wastes.

- Defines the rotary reactors and their mode of operation.
- Defines all operating parameters and gives equations to predict the operation of rotary reactors under various conditions.
- Includes a number of practical examples from various industrial applications (metallurgical waste treatment etc).

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Preface	p. v
Notation	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
Contacting methods between gas and solids	p. 1
Contact operation between gas and solids	p. 2
Residence time characteristics of solids	p. 4
Plug flow (rod-like flow)	p. 4
Complete back-mix flow of solids	p. 4
Improvement of residence time characteristics in a rotary reactor	p. 5
Enhancement of gas-solid contacting in rotary reactors	p. 5
Examples of industrial application	p. 9
Cooperation with mechanical engineers	p. 9
References	p. 10
Movement of Solids in Rotary Cylinder	p. 11
Experimental studies on solids flow in a horizontally rotating cylinder	p. 11
Movement of solids within a sectional area, perpendicular to the rotation axis	p. 11
Both sides of cylinder closed	p. 12
Circular weir at one side of cylinder	p. 13
Circular weir to replace solids quickly	p. 14
Theoretical studies on movement of solids	p. 14
Simple model	p. 14
Transportation rate of solids	p. 15
Equations to predict the performance of a rotating cylinder	p. 16
Discussions on obtained equations	p. 17
Improvement of residence time characteristics for rotating solids	p. 18
Application of screw cylinders	p. 18
Research and development of U-Turn system	p. 19
Theoretical equations on transfer rate of solids	p. 20
Transfer rates of solids in annular space	p. 21
Comparison of partition plates with screw cylinders	p. 22
	p. 23
	p. 23
	p. 24
	p. 24
References	p. 25
Conversion of Solids with Gaseous Reactant	p. 27
Reaction rate of solid conversion	p. 27
Kinetic models of gas-solid reactions	p. 30
Relation between rate constants of chemical reaction, based on different models	p. 32
Application of kinetic models to oxidation of carbon	p. 33
Graphite	p. 33
Petroleum coke	p. 33
Char from coal	p. 34
Stable temperature of an isolated carbon particle	p. 35
Gaseous reactant around particle	p. 35
Carbon dispersed in inorganic solids	p. 36
Gasification of carbon	p. 37
Boudouard's reaction	p. 37
Gasification of carbon by steam	p. 38
Activation of carbonaceous pellet	p. 40
Roasting of zinc sulfide	p. 41
Reduction of iron ore	p. 41
	p. 42
	p. 43
	p. 44
	p. 44
References	p. 46
Thermal Decomposition and Conversion of Composite Pellets	p. 47
Elimination of trace species in solids	p. 47
Calcination of limestone	p. 47
Decomposition of manganese sulfate	p. 49
Thermal cracking of organic solids	p. 50
Composite made of iron ore and oil	p. 50
Reduction of composite pellet, ferro-chromium ore and coke	p. 52
	p. 52
	p. 53
	p. 53
References	p. 55
Conversion of Solids in Rotary Reactors	p. 57
Conversion of gas and solids within solids layer	p. 57
Simplified model	p. 57
Effect of layer thickness on time necessary for conversion of solids	p. 59
Enhancement of contact by sending gaseous reactant into a rotating layer of solids	p. 61
Simplified model	p. 61
Conversions of solids, calculated from rate constant K[subscript r] for gaseous reactant	p. 62
Conversion of solids, calculated from rate constant k[subscript r]	p. 63
Different devices	p. 64
Rotary sealing of distribution manifold	p. 64
High temperature stability of isolated solids in exothermic reaction	p. 64
Volumetric fraction of falling solids	p. 64
High temperature stability of falling solids	p. 64
High temperature near nozzles of injection gas	p. 65
	p. 65
	p. 66
	p. 67
References	p. 68
Heat Transfer in a Rotary Reactor, Direct Heating	p. 69
Combustion of fuels	p. 69
Combustion model of a gas burner	p. 69
Liquid fuel	p. 71
Pulverized coal and coke	p. 72
Inside combustion and reverse flame	p. 72
Volume of combustion region	p. 74
Temperature profile in turbulent flame	p. 74
Heat transfer in a rotary reactor at high temperature	p. 76
Radiant heat transfer from flame and combustion gas	p. 76
Radiant heat transfer from inner wall surface to surface of rotating solids layer	p. 78
Heat transfer coefficient by direct contacting of solids from the hot wall surface	p. 80
Temperature of the inner wall surface	p. 81
Heating capacity of a rotary reactor	p. 82
Enhancement of heat transfer	p. 84
Lifters in a rotary dryer	p. 84
Discussions on volumetric heat transfer coefficient	p. 85
Partition plates	p. 86
	p. 86
	p. 87
	p. 87
	p. 88
	p. 89
References	p. 90
Performance of Rotary Reactors, Direct Heating	p. 93
Prediction of performance	p. 93
Mass and enthalpy balances	p. 93
Enthalpy balance, complete combustion	p. 93
Enthalpy balance, partial combustion and gasification	p. 94
Special cases	p. 96
Applicability of equations	p. 97
Calcination of limestone	p. 97
Procedure for design calculation	p. 97
Estimation of heat loss	p. 98
Prediction of overall performance	p. 99
Prediction of solids conversion and gas temperature	p. 102
Pre-reduction of composite pellets, made of ferro-chromium ore and coke	p. 105
Conversion of solids	p. 105
Rotary kiln	p. 106
Direction of improvement	p. 108
Activation of char	p. 109
Model of a rotary reactor	p. 109
Application of equations	p. 109
Direction of improvement	p. 111
Gasification of combustible feed stock	p. 111
	p. 113
	p. 113
	p. 115
	p. 119
	p. 121
References	p. 125
Heat Transfer in Rotary Reactors, Indirect Heating	p. 127
Necessary information for satisfactory design	p. 127
Material of the retort	p. 127
Thickness of the rotary retort	p. 127
Emissivity of the retort surface	p. 128
Sticking of solids and formation of thick layer	p. 128
Heat transfer within the rotary retort	p. 128
Heat transfer from an electric heater	p. 129
Heat transfer from gas flow	p. 132
Examples of practical design	p. 132
Proposed design for gas flow	p. 132
Simplified model	p. 132
Overall heat transfer coefficient and temperature of retort	p. 136
	p. 136
	p. 138
	p. 139
	p. 140
Reference	p. 142
Performance of Rotary Reactors, Indirect Heating	p. 143
Electric heating	p. 143
Enthalpy balance	p. 143
Improvement of electric heating	p. 144
Working equations for design calculation of the new heating system	p. 146
Prediction of performance	p. 147
Direction of improvement	p. 147
Heating by combustion gas	p. 148
Oxidation of residual carbon in spent catalyst	p. 148
Direction of improvement	p. 150
Application to thermal cracking of solid waste materials	p. 152
	p. 153
	p. 155
	p. 157
	p. 159
Application of a Rotary Reactor for the Re-utilization of Solid Wastes	p. 163
Material and energy recovery from solid wastes	p. 163
Proposed rotary reactors for re-utilization of secondary resources	p. 164
De-lacquering of spent cans	p. 164
Activation of char	p. 165
Gasification of solid wastes	p. 167
Matrix presentation of gasification processes	p. 167
Gasification processes of MSW developed by the authors	p. 167
Proposal for a novel rotary reactor to produce rich gas from MSW	p. 169
Gasification of sewage sludge	p. 173
Conventional incineration	p. 173
Proposal for a rotary reactor to gasify sewage sludge	p. 174
Possibility for application to gasification of low grade coal	p. 175
	p. 176
	p. 179
	p. 181
	p. 186
	p. 188
References	p. 195
Brief Careers of the Authors	p. 197
Index	p. 199
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Rotary Reactor Engineering

At a Glance

Hardcover

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