List of Contributors ix
1 Introduction 1
Katarzyna Chojnacka
2 Historical Aspects 11
Henryk G³recki and Katarzyna Chojnacka
3 Modern Analytical Methods of Speciation and Determination of Trace Elements in Inorganic, Organic, and Biological Samples 33
BogusÅaw Buszewski, Wojciech Piekoszewski, PaweÅ Pomastowski, Katarzyna RafiÅska, Mateusz Sugajski, and Tomasz Kowalkowski
4 Trace Elements in the Environment â" Law, Regulations, Monitoring and Biomonitoring Methods 61
Elżbieta MaÄkiewicz, Aleksandra Pawlaczyk, and MaÅgorzata Iwona Szynkowska
5 Problems of Trace Elements in Water and Wastewater Treatment 105
Karol Pokomeda, Anna DawiecâLiÅniewska, Daria Podstawczyk, Macarena RodriguezâGuerra Pedregal, Barbara Ortega Barcelo, and Anna WitekâKrowiak
6 Trace Elements in Agricultural and Industrial Wastes 121
Aneta WiÅniewska, Agnieszka Saeid, and Katarzyna Chojnacka
7 Trace Elements in Aquatic Environments 143
Piotr Konieczka, BartÅomiej CieÅlik, and Jacek NamieÅnik
8 Trace Metals in Soils: A Review of Methods for Monitoring Trace Metals in Soils 161
Philiswa N. Nomngongo, Joseph M. Matong, and Tshimangandzo S. Munonde
9 The Role of Trace Elements in Living Organisms 177
Elżbieta GumiennaâKontecka, Magdalena RowiÅskaâÅ»yrek, and Marek Åuczkowski
10 Fluorine and Silicon as Essential and Toxic Trace Elements 207
Izabela Michalak and Katarzyna Chojnacka
11 Biological Functions of Cadmium, Nickel, Vanadium, and Tungsten 219
Agnieszka Dmytryk, Åukasz Tuhy, Mateusz Samoraj, and Katarzyna Chojnacka
12 Biosorption of Trace Elements 235
Inga Zinicovscaia
13 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Trace Elements in the Environment 251
MaÅgorzata Iwona Szynkowska, Aleksandra Pawlaczyk, and Elżbieta MaÄkiewicz
14 Hydrometallurgy and Bioâcrystallization of Metals by Microorganisms 277
Zygmunt Sadowski and Agnieszka Pawlowska
15 Trace Elements as Fertilizer Micronutrients 299
Izabela Michalak, Agnieszka Saeid, Katarzyna Chojnacka, and Mateusz Gramza
16 Trace Elements in Animal Nutrition 319
Åukasz Tuhy, Agnieszka Dmytryk, Mateusz Samoraj, and Katarzyna Chojnacka
17 Trace Elements in Human Nutrition 339
Klaudia Konikowska and Anna Mandecka
18 Trace Elements in Human Health 373
Renata Mozrzymas
19 Spirulina as a Raw Material for Products Containing Trace Elements 403
Liliana Cepoi, Tatiana Chiriac, Ludmila Rudi, Svetlana Djur, Liliana Zosim, Valentina Bulimaga, Ludmila Batir, Daniela Elenciuc, and Valery Rudic
20 Dietary Food and Feed Supplements with Trace Elements 421
Athanasios C. Pappas, Katarzyna Godlewska, and Peter F. Surai
21 Biofortification of Food with Trace Elements 443
Mateusz Samoraj, Åukasz Tuhy, Agnieszka Dmytryk, and Katarzyna Chojnacka
22 Biomarkers of Trace Element Status 457
Katarzyna Chojnacka and Marcin Mikulewicz
23 Human Exposure to Trace Elements from Dental Biomaterials 469
Marcin Mikulewicz and Katarzyna Chojnacka
24 Industrial Use of Trace Elements and their Impact on the Workplace and the Environment 481
Piotr Rusek and Marzena MikosâSzymaÅska
25 Speciation of Trace Elements and its Importance in Environmental and Biomedical Sciences 501
Aleksandra Pawlaczyk, Elżbieta MaÄkiewicz, and MaÅgorzata Iwona Szynkowska
26 Trace Elements â" A Threat or Benefit? 545
Katarzyna Chojnacka, Izabela Michalak, Agnieszka Saeid, Katarzyna Godlewska, Åukasz Tuhy, Mateusz Samoraj, Agnieszka Dmytryk, and Aneta WiÅniewska
Index 569