Reading Phinehas, Watching Slashers

Horror Theory and Numbers 25

By: Brandon R. Grafius

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eText | 20 March 2018 | Edition Number 1

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The tale of the “zeal” of Phineas, expressed when he killed an Israelite man and a Midianite woman having sex and thus stopped a “plague” of consorting with idolatrous neighbors in the Israelite camp (Numbers 25), has long attracted both interest and revulsion. Scholars have sought to defend the account, to explain it as pious fiction, or to protest its horrific violence. Brandon R. Grafius seeks to understand how the tale expresses the latent anxieties of the Israelite society that produced it, combining the insights of historical criticism with those of contemporary horror and monster theory. Grafius compares Israelite anxieties concerning ethnic boundaries and community organization with similar anxieties apparent in horror films of the 1980s, then finds confirmation for his method in the responses of Roman-period readers who reacted to the tale of Phineas as a tale of horror. The combination of methods allows Grafius to illumine the concern of an ancient priestly class to control unsettled and unsettling community boundaries--and to raise questions of implications for our own time.

Industry Reviews

Brandon R. Grafius combines multiple forms of biblical criticism (historical and rhetorical) with horror theory to argue that Numbers 25 is the biblical version of a modern-day horror film. Phinehas becomes the avenging, monstrous slasher, restoring order through violence. Grafius has written a thoughtful work of scholarship that entertains as it informs.